ey
— Ome aes :
were
Soe etek ee ts Pr
rel Sect OS Ces en ag ince Pe a L eeae ae eats! wee ee Se oaenorde pie Laamvette
pee ree *
pears Lorca -e
eee eee EEE ae
ip Pains
ee F
others tty | a, A a : | * y ne ly
| ; * {
)
L ps Hi ‘
on Pate Ay Ney Ae A ASP MY” a8!
5
Se ee ae
ANNUAL REPORT
BOARD OF REGENTS
OF THE
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SHOWING THE OPERATIONS, EXPENDITURES, AND CONDITION OF THE INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1889.
ee Bale -©) ie E
OF THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM.
WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. | 1891.
ViIrTy-FIRST CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION.
Concurrent resolution adopted by the House of Representatives May 27, 1890, and by the Senate June 17, 1890.
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That there be printed of the report of the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum for the years ending June 30, 1888, and June 30, 1889, in two octavo volumes for cach year, 16,000 copies; of which 3,000 copies shall be for the use of the Senate, 6,000 for the use of the House of Representatives, and 7,000 for the use of the Smithsonian Institution.
II
REPORT
OF THE
mes NATIONAL MUSEUM
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
FOR THE
me Ask. IN DING JUNE 30, 1Sso2-
Il
———“‘—t~;:;S
REPORT OF THE U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 380, 1889.
SUBIEC IS:
I. Report of the Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the National Museum, upon the condition and progress of the Museum.
Il. Reports of the Curators. ILI. Papers illustrative of the collections in tie U.S. National Museum. IV. Bibliography.
V. List of accessions.
Bees. ss ac oie 2 ae ee
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, UNDER DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, December 1, 1889. Srr: I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present condition of the U. S. National Museum and upon the work accom-
plished in its various departments during the fiscal year ending June
30, 1889. Very respectfully,
G. BROWN GOODE, Assistant Secretary, in charge of U. S. National Museum.
Prof..S. P. LANGLEY,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. VII
CON TENTS:
Page STOLE STIG TIS le GAS SBE SS SSCS, EIR oe eo en Vv SMEG BO MaE ON STEE A Ds tes ats chee os Seale cme: Ja we eae ee eels Sasi es VII “LULMTSICTO P07 OC COS FI ON Wis a Be ence a ee ee IX ABET MMI GIANT ON St stravea aya cies Sv epeicce aac Se eee ccc Coos Baeaiies oe aes XIII
SEcTION I.—REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY, IN CHARGE OF THE NATIONAL
MUSEUM. A-—Organization and scope of the Museum .... .2.. (201 ..50 cise ceeess sce sees 3 PEC LOIS OL TNO VCAT o.5n1< L- we oo nian set Laeireios ee See a eaics eae cane 4 ee SU RCICONCICIONIOL DHE COME GhIONS) -:-:<.2,<75 «22 cince os Se eee Ado ce al baebrde Se eee 6 inereaservotibeycollectionss. = Ss. asa2-/- 2.52 Ba ces Soca eee ake eee 6 CENSUS OmUNOLCOlleChlOUS etc -ce omnes oes Soke apse a Se eee 7 Museum catalogues - Bree Berea eee Scotian > ceived Seen Ae Sere 8 Catalogues of the pepariniontes in aie National Wacom Ble Are Ge 3 ve a 9 Catalogue entries during the year ending June 30, 1889 .............- 21 Arrangement of collections and assignment of space..........-.-.-... 22 RM SOM ERGs o-oo le reise mae Wein oa omctcn + vie ode oeisee pumas. 26 aa oR ENCANA S ous 3 See. he cethaede tebe. 26 Personnel of the scientific departments ...--.......-...--.cc0 ene oes 27 (nee Chieu yi ey aha) Ue ike eae ae a een ce Cate Rea tr Ee Re eae 28 E.—Review of work in the scientific departments ........222..2222..2---2----- 34 LDP] gS AIS RE a ee OE Se ee Se eS 34 CONS PS at)! Ea ATLTTID MeN ESV) ee ey Ree ee AE Ie eo a gee ee ee 34 IMLARePOniAnLON and ENorineerinr: 2225 5.2480 .: sss sce ches ecUbestse cues oD GS CHU CEITISS e otee 2) S l ta -ey el ORE CE Ae eee te 35 PAL PISTON Cra U ALO OLOG Vie iai2 ier ae yne Sciels See amish sake bcisees sees es 36 PEAT INN UM set Poise ad. oo Se See eWeeeisnnoscinas aes bel akt 36 EER EAC WSC DLO Meee ae ne Aa Ss ee Sg rs Ley hs es 37 Wi ON De Sele de bse COCR eC Hee Ee ete nn eee ae ee eg 37 | SHIPS) 8 oy 5 Sa 0 i ee es en, te Se ey 38 MUO eh ene ig ses nhc Sheol, tee entnwsinaeceawniess 38 Reptiles and batrachians..................- Ped eet ase Coe 38 INGE Roo ee apne ae Ae ee oe ene Sele tin, viniwivae 39 Wale) Ni Cie Se at olin = BES oe Sieg Re ee 40 MEGS) “Se Besos elk Ope se or UE Aa anne Beste Cee ee 41 eG LMM IINCEST COL DOR eee aa at chico ae Ne oe ora cia cise wae aioe erase te = 11 Comparative anatomy... .--. a Rae Seed Mirae Wee aelaelalsb chalet wisi See's « 12
X CONTENTS.
E.—Review of work in the scientific departments—Continued. ae. Invertebrate fossils : BaleOZO1G oo. - oe eee ccna eee eater a eet a ARETE eee 43 IMCZOZ0IG=. 555% aa SS teeta eck cra eee ee eee Ee oe ae eee 43 BS OLIN igs Sethe we osc aie CIS oye en Se ee rae 44 OSSTULS ya GS es Sess eee ey ae hee oe em ee ao 44 Min Oral S52 oe Soba 2 Se ee Si a a TA STS Se nee ee ee ree 45 itholosycand pliysi¢aleeolooyes--... ee: oc cee teens eee 45 Metallaroy andieconomic.ceol0scys. 92. 22012522 eta e aa eee eae 46 Gv AMIN AS a eee ce eae vate ery a Sate ene ioe te eRe eee ae 46 B—heview or the administrative works. .5 225.0. 05..<.ce4 JoSosaee boo 47 Progress of general and incidental work --..:..-.-..+s<0>.------ eer 47 dW DDG cy enn re CIS Bees ar ee Om Me eae Peg ys ee Oe eS oe 47 Transportation, storage, and distribution of duplicates ........-.- 50 PCH AT VON Ue is aoe ee Ne ean Seu ook ele bee corns See ee eee 52 PB DNCALONS (8-25. 4 oaoe 28 con Mens Sees oe tana ee een eee ee 54 Publications during. thelyearas-2--~-- 24. sewer eee ee 65 WASICONS) 22x ask ehene sc Sa ee ie cae oa eee eer 67 Lectures/and meetings of socicties.-.--s-.2.45e-ee-e-oee a eee 69 Sbudents Sess See eaac se as eee aie Cayce ene See en rere 70 Property, supplies, and havouetlis Heard fate Sad MES See ee eee 72 Preservation oft collections -.1<)- se sseo-ceeseaeaee eae aeons 72 Morniture and texbures 2.5... fs sen ssc oo cece set ee ee 72 Standard cases and other Museum furniture...-.......--- ecu 73 Heatingvand lighting. 2.22.2 a. 20.isesse eek eee ee ee 75 Mlectrical service o<.. ss 2 hace eeaicemise ae ee ee eee eee nt) Lastof Museum employes, 252-256 see. eee oo eee eee = 76 List of vouchers for expenditures for preservation of collections, 1S8E89; Hoc Sol k se ee ee a eee 77 List of vouchers for expenditures for furniture and fixtures, 1=88—’e9 - 84 List of vouchers for expenditures for heating and lighting, 1888~89.-.. 87 Correspondence and reports \-- stecesces ao oe ee ena eee eee 88 Preparation:oflabelsc 52 4 eee eae en oo ee eee 99 Buildings and labor; police and public comfort........--...----.-.-. 100 The work of the: Museum preparatots..- 2 -.52--sosce se ene ee eee 104 iaxidermists;ands mod clersseeeneece eee eee cena area eee 104 Osteological’ preparatonmessrecees epee ene eee eee eee eee 108 Photographers. .:.: So e325 es oa-e cee aeeoe OC nee ee cena eee 109 Colorist: 225-0 52cs% ccc Se ee geen Ce OE eee een) Draftisments: o2c6' lise Se oe oe re eee eee oe 111 (Cre AC COSSIONS inh et= 5 eis aos eee eee Po RS ae are See ee eee eee ee 111 Geographical review of the more important accessions ....--.-------- 112 H:—Specimens sent for examination and report.---...-.--- ------------------ 127 ].—Codéperation of the Departments and Bureaus of the Government-------.- 137 A —— Ep lOratilon ss <so2e, shoe < ce SS esas Some ees eee Oe ee ee eee K.—Reports upon the participation of the Smithsonian Institution and ihe National Museum in the Centennial Exposition of the Ohio Valley and Central States, held at Cincinnati, Ohio, in L888, (with Plates I-1v), and in the Centennial Exposition at Mari- etta, Ohio, in 1888 (with Appendices A and B) .--...----.--.--- 149-186 Biographical notice of James Stevenson (Appendix C)-.....-------.--- 157 Lists of institutions and foreign and @omestic libraries to which it is desired to send future publications of the National Museum (Appendix D) -..-... -- 191 List of institutions under State control and of colleges of liberal arts to which it is desired to send future publications of the National Museum.... - 193 >
CONTENTS. XI Page.
List of the principal libraries in the United States to which it is desired to send future publications of the National Museum ..........--..--2---.-----.- 216
List of foreign libraries to which it is desired to send future publications of BI ALON a IPNLUSOMM ome esos seis oc meine ioceeivc cues see Juco at wenn cesses 268
Srecrion I].—ReEporTs OF THE CURATORS. VES 0 UT SAS SE Se eee a Jo oe ea A a eee 281 ete stRMeIUTRLUIOS rat ate a, 2 a eat ol aiele nl isieke sian Sal So 2. fant. Sse wees 239 PAPA TA LIST aes co o nina = cee hate afol = We oar ge oe Secs Grad AAC eaten oe 293 UG ES ES BS 2 Segre Se Se Oe a eee sae Aer en eee eae wea 301 Prenistonic anthropology, (with Plates\ V—x0)2--.2ec.s<- oe. -c-ccke ce cccs ec cce 4 BUG Pee E Nc ate Scie a> Saleen ea caine dele etey arama ater aes, seen since oes ae 3 341 2 PEESUTST Ac nk BAUR SOS ONE BOR neon SEP Geter i tae ene tae ea a eg hes a nme 343 PREM US ete Cine ae os a Aad Lisien\vnidewisiew wae saeco eee ia Fate seiays Ciamick cates seaaee 349 iii Re aoece S82 06s bolbpnosods SacmonoS Chde abba oe cooC Doan a neon mene Aoasmodaeod asi! ERR OP UN ee eee es om aie c)omn = Sein ce aoa eset cade Mc eee SpaSe mh Scsmnroce. 363 ee aea ERS eS EE PUP AO HILENS ooh ole letarclela seid sisie eee Sates Seo Te eee ae ween asckejcues 365 SES se SSIS ie Sc gece Ronee ae Ren 5 EROS cs fa gt Siege SOT a, te SE 369 Maribusia (Including: Cenozoic fossils) * .-25 25.0. cceed Soars ctiolecu ese. 2ostes 371 “lbs PU A Sten 2S Se RS ORO tes Sap ee ee ge 7/7, PERRIER OEUC OTE COR ra alee ie aeinnatfoey Ao as ce eis oa eee Saeee saeiee batew se cine a 381 Comparative anatomy .................--. Sfa ae See eins wistcic Heke sittje x aso eal GOO Invertebrate fossils:
IPRICOZOIC <5. -52.5..- 5525 26 iwlaisliayafaiale/a/ sletaic\alel aiatala sialaseielsinictal «isieee Se a ee OO IL REEMA sae Miya Ra area aie dys cra 2 aip.1al Am aaa RC oad SS ye ee 397 Le EDI eS i ee ai Bie els oyaie te nis jee re Seta IS ae Senos = ee 399 ot ESTAS se ge Ea ra SS a ee eee ae Ie Lg | eRTeEVEATIC WN VSICHIPOOIODY 22) cc sco. s hac. ade 5 5oe0h i= 22 doen Bees eb Sees 405
Peer urs y, Ai CCONOUNG PEOlORY =... 4 3-45-0205 hele. ho vdes ven oaw sates -AI8 MmInERITHIAI A 2s Sete en er ae a ovis chs o fas 32 Be nebo. no de calugee se eee es AIT,
SEcTION IJI.—PapPerRs DescRIBING AND ILLUSTRATING COLLECTIONS IN THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
I. The Museums of the future. By G. Brown Goode...... ..00.c00 -ece eee 427 Il. The Ethnology and antiquities of Easter Island (with Plates x11-Lx, and Figs. 1-20). By Wm. J. Thomson, paymaster, U. S. Navy ..-.-.. 447 ILI. Aborigional skin-dressing. A study based on material in the U. S. Na- ; tional Museum (with Plates Lx1-xci). By Otis T. Mason .......--. 553 IV. The Puma, or American lion, Felis concolor of Linnaeus (with Plate OMA V AM EeOONOIG Wis) NEWB. Sc .0 <.vkjcoeeeck ss lees tacc nels she hed 591
VY. Animals recently extinct, or threatened with extermination, as repre- sented in the collections of the U. S. National Museum (with Plates xcv-cV, Figs, 21 and 22, and Maps 1-7). By Frederic A. Lucas...... 609 VI. The development of the American rail and track, as illustrated by the collection in the U. 8. National Museum (with Figs. 23-137). By J.
RUM ME RUE ete ere on See See aa Say sowe(da Socdeulonke cece .OD1 VII. Explorations in Newfoundland and Labrador in 1887, made in connec- tion with the cruise of the U. 8. Fish Commission schooner Grampus
(withyElate:Cy1), (By Frederic A. Lucas...< . .- 2.2... ---5 o0cc secece 709
VIII. Ona bronze Buddha in the U.S. National Museum (with Plate evi). (2p SUI ISS TL GCG GT Sot Sh ep a a ee oe ere 729 Section IV.—BrisiioGrapay or Tue U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM.........---- 737 PPR CRUMOR inGNPANNIEAUM.. oof 0s5se0.c lc. s-wcdonor.vececete\Sscelarae 789
4q
XII CONTENTS.
II. Papers by officers of the Museum and other investigators whose writings ave based directly or indirectly on Museum material..........--..----- SEcTION V.—LisT OF ACCESSIONS DURING THE YEAR, arranged alphabetically O\7 WAY HOES OVE TIA OUND RS sh c6 soos ase a mSon oO cqod onan Sole kads qonG cosa seen sone Herdlexe Ay —— Amram eed Dyalo Ga lnt1@S) eeseret teat ee ae eee eer Index B.—Arranged by departments in the National Museum.......-.-.----. = General indexto reporti as. secctsse- See eee emcee meen ee ene aire eee Preliminary Hand-book of the Department of Geology in the National Mu- seuin, by George. Merrill (Appendix i) ears ete aerate eee neta oe
Page.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS*
REPORT OF R. E. EARLL ON SMITHSONIAN EXHIBIT AT THE CINCINNATI EXPOSITION.
Page PLATE I. General view of the Smithsonian Exhibit (looking north).-.........-.-.....--- 162 II. General view of the Smithsonian Exhibit (looking south)..............2.....-- 162 Phi MaAmmalextermin AuOn SOriOs sss sesise= clock seseis- ase nine seamen sneeeeecs oe 166 Ves SOC HON OL DNOLOPTAD NV recar aieacee cies teas ace) eiecicu cess etic steerer cceaeen 172 REPORT OF THOMAS WILSON. Wry Disiclikoamplomentsiofislatero.-s- 2-52 > <c-S2 asicee atts ee tee che oe salsa oceee 328 VI. Stone daggers, arrow and spear heads, knives, ornaments, ete ........--.--..- 330 Wl Rude stoneax, Side and. ed Perview sa=sasteccaisal Soe cuco nce Sec conse soaceawe 332 Wills Stoueibeari(plaster cash). 5. ----ceeesee seas teen Sasse eee nae cac acetone 334 IX. Figs.1and2. Stone carvings representing the llama.........-......... ----- 336 Rew ire Mav Se RUE MOLCHEG AXGSt.. <cosn-ciceteas ince eee ere eens eee 336 XI. Figs. 1to6. Fragment of pot-stone vessel, and specimens of tools fonnd in BUONO AL GUALNION oesies/ se sioaitca clown elses eee te ee niec eae peer eee 336
THE RTHNOLOGY AND ANTIQUITY OF EASTER ISLAND.
PLATE XIII. XIV. meV
x Velie XVIL XVIII. D4 OE b.6.@ Rex, >: B.A OF
XXIII. XXIV.
XXYV. XXVI.
XXVII. exe Vals
XXIX. XXX. XXXII. XXXII.
XXXIITI.
D.8.:0-8 Ap 3 O..Qp TODA DE
XII.
Group of natives in employ of Mr. Brander...........-.....-.- Berens ors Sao Appearance of Easter Island from the roadstead of Hanga-Roa...... ........-. DAO ITO fe Ee Ae ALO Se terete sare mater Sele airais eecme leila tiaratt so cise Meneame ee ome ete “fy Ancient stone houses at Orongo from which pictured slabs were procured .... Removing slabs from house at Orongo FATIDIONIMUOMBE Bh; OLONZ OS saeiatoak fale = 2 ae Mon ciniaseac vee ces Ge caceebe a fee Group of very ancient houses at the extreme end of ridge at Orongo, showing
RORIDERTGMACOTHOSUS ts wean tenes inecims aes teion tan tenta.< a cestcis va ice wens cee. Samipinresdvrock sso OLONGO).os ions aw.2 2 Sas oe decks ace came secceec ceases. sl: Pictured slabs taken from the ancient stone-honses at Orongo.............---- Mutu Raukau and Mutu Nui; islands near Rapa Nui, where bird’s eggs were
gathered Inside the crater of Rana Roraka, on slope below the ancient work-shops -..-- View of upper work-shops, on inner rim Of Rana Roraka....................-. Images standing at the base of outer slope of Rana Roraka Red LYE PPO IG ON Siete mene De are htm cipal 3 aie nines me ee eteee wc wees es twine oiucis SEE Eee ac OU ANE ERE LALIOMMNGON Oslo secs co nistciacdestiataa ce amen cbuccedudevehon ens eee aia ee Central section of the great platform of Tongariki...........-.-...2...-+-.-00- BiSUuWile OL patton OL CONC ALICE. cu~ tics society wins dace suse ewclsecstccesedesc Wistinwinp OM patton Of LON PAT tence ayia eve ades dastearcavccesladaagciane aos Rear view of right wing of platform of Tongariki Rear view of central section of platform of Tongariki.... Akahanga (King’s platform) No. 80, rear view Otverscioteisster lsjaud tablet, “Apa. o 2. sn. cs 32 een seweaeravien sev cussass
BY WM. J. THOMSON, PAYMASTER, U. 8. NAVY,
* The drawings from’photographs and specimens in the Musenm were made by Messrs. W. H, Chandler and W. H. Burger.
XIIL
XIV
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
IPEATH XX XeVILE. eeverse’ of Haster Island: tablet, ““Apai?iaose cee ese ren cise cessor meccnaes
XXXVIII.
XXXIX. XL. XLI. XLII.
XLIII.
XLIV.
XLV.
XLVI.
XLVILI. XLVITII. XLIX.
LXI. L¥II. LXIIl. LXIV. LXV. LXVI. XVII. LX VIII. LXIXx. LXX. LXXI. LXXII. LXXIII. LXXIV. LXXV. LXXVI. LXXVII. LXXVIII. LX XIX. LXXX. LXXXtT. LXXXIlI. LXXXIII. LXXXIV. LXXXV. LXXXVI. LXX XVII.
. LXXXVIITI. LXXXIX. XC. XCI. XCII. XCIII.
PLATE
. Wooden images. . Stone gods. . Wooden clubs and paddle . Dancing wands and fetish-boards . Feather hats . Feather hats . Obsidian spear-heads . Stone.adzes: Obsidian’ spear-heads' << <.ce0 o- ~ asi ato osineieieelolo sclstsissteeep esc > Hush-hooks/of poneiand stone= =. -- cess seems eee een ae eee eee tee seer 5 ANGI Ea) Roya ee aboonoe cs one son doco Sosa sos cooos H San ooosegocasebecorcoenesas . Netting-needles and fetish-stones
Obverse of Easter Island wooden tablet, ‘‘Atua Matariri”’..............-.-.-. Reverse of Easter Island wooden tablet, ‘‘ Atua Matariri”.................---. Obverse of Easter Island wooden tablet, ‘‘ Haha to ran ariiki Kete”.......... Reverse of Easter Island wooden tablet, ‘‘ Eaha to ran ariiki Kete”’.......-.-- Obverse of wooden tablet from Easter Island, ‘‘ Ka ihi uiga.”” (From photo- graphs presented by George Davidson to the California Academy of Sciences. Reverse of wooden tablet from Easter Island, ‘‘Ka ihi uiga.” (From photo- graphs presented by George Davidson to the California Academy of Sciences.) Obverse of wooden tablet from Easter Island, ‘‘ Ate-a-renga-hokan iti Poheraa.”’ (From photograph by Paymaster W. J. Thomson, U. 8. Navy).-.-...--..----. Reverse of wooden tablet from Easter Island, ‘‘ Ate-a-renga-hokan iti Po- heraa.” (From photograph by Paymaster Wm. J. Thomson, U.S. Navy)-.- Obverse and reverse of Easter Island tablet. (Froma cast lent by Parke, Davis & Co.) Reverse of Easter Island tablet, obtained by the Chilian corvette ‘‘O’ Higgins” .. Obverse of Easter ]sland tablet, obtained by the Chilian corvette ‘O’ Higgins”. . Obverse and reverse of Easter Island tablet, obtained by the Chilian corvette Sc OSHRG GUNG mentee es ate= ase eee sans Bacio clege Ae Ce EEE ERE aoe
Bulrush wallet.
ABORIGINAL SKIN-DRESSING, BY OTIS T. MASON.
Navajo Indian skinning deer. (After Shufeldt.).........-........ aosnosdasoce Navajo Indian removing hair from deer-skin. (After Shufeldt.).............-- Navajo Indian wringing the water from a deer-skin. (After Shufeldt.)...... Navajo Indian pulling deer-skin into shape after wringing. (After Shufeldt.). Navajo Indian applying brains to deer-skin to make it soft. (After Shufeldt.).. Navajo Indian finishing deer-skin by stretching it. (After Shufeldt.).......... Th Phe TER ye 10 Bicaac compe ocean sooseoses ste Sos coco cucrcesSosssoe Figs. 1,2,and 3. Graining tools..-...-.---.---------.---+----0-----+ 222-2202 Figs. 1,2,and 3. Fat-scrapers.-.----.---.-----------------2-20 2202 2-+ eee eee Figs: 1,2,and\3. Scrapers--- <-2 22. . 2.2 -- 22 - <n nam manna onan anne Wseeeeeeee Wigs. land 2. Scrapers...-.. ---00--see0---2-----2 ee nn ene ce on meen ne nnn Scraper.--.-.-------- 2-22 eee nee ere ee cect nee renee ns cents e see e cerns eens Hiss. Mandi2y Scrapers occ. siec cee mam erence vie SBA tobe as oodesecadessacHases Figs. 1,2,and 3. Serapers..... 2... 20. eee ene n en enna n one eos onsen en enne Figs. 1,2,and 3. Scrapers...--..--------------- 22-2 ---- +s seen eee e nee eee -ee- SIE 1s) caps ci Ocoee GUE Sono Te CeHo aus SoonecicenobmecsSse0 ostodoscsoSGeSoSseessan- Wigs. 1,2, and'3. “SCLraPers’< oemn ~<a cn aieinle cinieis = slot een le] oininininlmie <11=='~'=teinelnleini=ls Wigs: Wand 2) Scrapers ee ce cme cicinw eminielo meine wleealele ein a\e rile elaine Figs. 1,2,and 3. Scrapers... .-------+---sceccweres cccces nese senna cena eee Figs. 1,2,and3. Fat-scrapers...... .--..-0ccc- cree ee n= -e cnn ee conn ee nnn sees Figs. 1,2,and 3. Fat-scrapers...--........----.--0-------------05 so----------- Bigs. ivand 2; (SCLRPOES se =~ oes qela cs atetalsle s atere ele elated ole inl Figs. 1,2,and 3. Serapers...-..... G disiels ole Sara ee SRC SRE See eiatncte eloneie eels staiace Wiggs 2, ands. (Scraperseoc sce se cetsieiciccie eee ee aati eet tele teete ia ela iei=l = = 1 Fay LEG UPA Sia) 02) elosesciocoodine secd on ocboane cocadojanceocosocsacntbencsoctte Mics, 1) 2vand'$; “Scrapersies-c<)--c. oe <ce -concis eee eeeneate ae ees ima Wigs: Wand’ 2s WSOLAPOLS oar clam cine orien oye alone ete tele peeteeteterettata “Ae ies: 172, ands: |Serapers: << onc ese Pa rye ee ott vt ai we aecie oasis amie Mics: Jiang’? (Wat-serapers. 2:22. - vcs. o> eke eee eee piskeecjseeeae Figs. 1,2,8,and 4. Beaming and graining tools........---..------------------: Figs. land2. Adze-shaped scrapers.-..-.-..----.<-------- ccbacedeaceepsbe:casd Figs. land 2. Adze-shaped scrapers Figs. 1 and 2. Adze-shaped scrapers......-.....---.. Sboncedonote ses s6den Soose
i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XV
THE PUMA OR AMERICAN LION, BY FREDERICK W. TRUE.
Page. Piate XCIV. The Puma. (From photographof specimen presented tothe National Museum ; yee wISHSElIN segs) memes se cere es cabe tors oe cms ac aiwiae sense ee eke en sto cee 591 ANIMALS RECENTLY EXTINCT OR THREATENED WITH EXTERMINATION, BY FREDERIC A. LUCAS.
PLATE. XCV. The West Indian Seal (Monachus tropicalis) -........ 2... .2 2222 ee ence cone cwecne 614 XCVI. The California Sea Elephant (Macrorhinus angustirostris)................----- 616 XCVIT Headof Pacific Walrus (Odobeenus obesus) .-. <2 202-2 oscnccncccececccccn ce 618 XCVIII. The European Bison (Bison bonassus).........-...-..---. Bee ac cer see Leela 621 xi Exon Stellen s Sea COWs (YUNG GUESS. << acre nen Snowe cemendeses-ndcedhesadccece 623 C. The California Vulture (Pseudogryphus californianus)...........-..--......... 629 Cispiiie OR OGliaIrE Odo and Punk@yet sasse <ne 1 noo acane ceicene ce see nee cae 634 CII. The Labrador Duck (Male) (Camptalaimus labradorius) ..................-.. 636 CII. The Great Auk (Alcea impennis) .....-. Song SUBSE OD tc GR Renn COBO ES MOSSES EAE 638
CIV. Galapagos and Mascarene Tortoises. (Photographs of specimens of animals INEGUGEN RON Ale OUlOmICAl hari). saan ess cen ac Sack dated ccaoe eee 643
CV. The Tile-fish (Lopholatilus chameleonticeps). Reproduced by chromo-lithog- raphy from Plate 117 of the Atlas of Plates accompanying section 1 of the Quato Report upon the Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States. 647
EXPLORATIONS IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR IN 1887, BY FREDERIC A. LUCAS, PAT em CVs Ketch Mano min Ki G ANd secs as aap onewes o's ssaeiswcce sone ee eaeee coennadceance 709
ON A BRONZE BUDDHA IN THE-U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, BY CHARLES DE KAY.
CNiil.) Bronze: Buddha; Lokugawa period =..-=--92+.-.cs.. -- eee ce + cssccne oe uee ae 729
MIGUE RMON aLve HOUSES DUI bOf DUITUSNEB: n= en coe, oo cee cscs sconecececeaense noo ncee case eee 45 2. Kaitae, nearest descendant of the last king of Easter Is!and..................-...... 461 24 DIGS A GEM cee “esscooSdsssp secre Sede cng sbon Ssans Ase SaecdebooScsusneessossonces 462 4a. Tattooing on anative woman. (Front view)-.--.-.- BEAR SSS OG SOD oon aaa seS See 466 4b. Tattooing on a native woman. (Back view) ...........---.c.2.-.ccceescecce ececes 466 Dm DONEGL ALONG MULAN OLON GO. ann ccc a2 = asin =, oe eee oe noe ee 478 Jo WROTE 3 coc ssosese ga SeBe SS SE Se Sande So Oe ORE ae ee ae meyen | es Sepa Nie oe 479 fe CMIPLULCOREOCKS NEAT OTON ED mares ace nsec ete nee ean oe ae 481 8. Sculptured figure often reproduced on rocks at Orongo...........2..--..----.------ 482 9. Observation tower on bluff near Anahoirangaroa Point......-..........-c.--..---.. 485
10. Unfinished image, crater of Rana Roraka....................-.... seeenoe ta Senos ee 492 Heels core hana ROralcar ELON G VIO W) meee cys a= ase. 2, bea va dee ewe ieee eens ot aaGk we 493 io elinage shang Ora kal (LGAL VIOW))< eects s anic\c = nin dniitocia ss wnijeneeceecCeccsiccecconcus 493 Hom BnMed image ClracerOf Wana OLA) os. n.c <-5---cocdces Gas cs dackbeccecencece sabe 494 14. Image standing inside the crater of Rana Roraka..-..................--.--- seseoo ses 494 Hodes NEY OCH eI AYO, Mand OLAK As won clas «owe anne Serwes sinks tect tant uc cones onbe 495 16. The mutilated image ‘‘ Hiara,”’ outside of crater of Rana Roraka................... 495 17. Platform No.3, image restored.-.... ..... SEA ES 2 She SSDs CSC OnE See eo a aoe 500 18. Showing general plan of construction of platforms, also plan of house construction
PEE dU LS ete etetrtee font a eset eince Sacre mia ae rae f ae teireoa elec comme a ee eee loncies oe 502 ADSI DEINE CLOCK iN F185 AON soci w\ai-<'n- wot rives wes een aehusenecsasceceeteae ene 510 POEMS ONIN LO AVANS NU. c.c).cnccrocccccmivic smcr case Sicisieineteecsisoncwetee ay FIDO DSD ASSES 512
ANIMALS RECENTLY EXTINCT OR THREATENED WITH EXTERMINATION, BY FREDERIC A, LUCAS.
FicurE 21. Steller’sSea Cow. Facsimile of figure on chart compiled by Lieutenant Waxell, nay- TP LO Ta tes OriN uM NAN Verena ao) akin = aaa arte sence oe Seater OER ci aae eae aeons 627 PP HACEMNLOM ELIS. S UC ULO! Of tHe DI0U0 ve cee w occu cee stew cotreue eC lec coast ows 632
THR DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN RAIL AND TRACK, AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE COLLECTION IN THE U. 58. NATIONAL MUSEUM, BY J. ELFRETH WATKINS.
BIGURRa Ae Esso eS PALeNUeOge Mall: (1789) cao. ce cscs te rems. caccwaenwcececeuccescuvecenescses 657 24. Edge rails, Lawson Colliery, New Castle-on-Tyne. (1797).........--- -----eeeeeeeee 657 25. Wyatt’s hexagonal rail, Bangor, North Wales. (1802) ..............-...--.ceeeeeeee 658 POMUEAUUrAlOusTey at witver (L800)icc asccoe sauces cue ve ccese scadey nce cvcwedcacccavtcas 658 27. Woodhouse’s patent concave rail for wagons...-.. 2.2.2... cene nnn ne cence necerceccee 658 28. Tram rail, Pennydarren works to Glamorgan Canal, Wales. (1804)-...-..-..-- Bh eae 659 29, Tram rail, designed by Chavles Le Cann, Llannelly, Wales. (1801) ...............-- 659
XVI
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page.
FiGurE 30. Edge rail, patented by Losh & Stephenson, laid on Stockton and Darlington Rail- aap aie <( PNK) ho esocesacodoct sae cocodac EGaseocoG, Soodcads GuCEnb eSsoesoodesoud 660 31. Lord Carlisle’s wrought iron rail. (1811) .........--.2---25 ----00----- 5-2 enneee eee 660 32. Wrought-iron rail patented by John Birkenshaw. (1820)..-........--------------- 660
33. Fish-belly rail, designed by George Stephenson and laid on the Manchester and IfieqoOl emia: = (IPH) S6- S455. cates doe ebose secon cnynccocbposaeconeepadeocones 661
34. English rolled rail, Clarence pattern, laid on the Old Postage Railway of Pennsy1- WUC ARERR Re © oo) a Goo 5 nocd obd oda Socmnudceondsag So an mcncoaSasenduoranaegueces 66L 35. English fish-belly rail, laid on the New Jersey Railros ud near Newark, 1832......... 662 36. Wooden stringer and strap rail, Albany and Schenectady Railroad, 1837.--...-..--- 664 37. Stone stringer and strap rail, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1833 ......-------.-----+ 664 38. Thick rectangular rail, laid on the Baltimore and Port Deposit Railroad, 1838.. 665
39. Stevens rail rolled with convex top and base, designed by Robert L. Stevens, AB30; nccsee ss cee ees cecceic seta c eee ee aden era Nee eeeeeeet meee omen cc alcier. 668
40. Standard track of the Comden and Se hy Railroad, 1837. (From a drawing in the
collection made from an engraving in, ‘‘ Engineering in North America,” by G. Stevenson, ond ons sl 83am sete tate ere ae te ae eee etter 669
41. Track of the Camden and Amboy Railroad. Rails laid on piling through marshes, 967 RSE CORE te oaton CEC near ane eS SRS er ocnEennn abe capac aco sdEouaHSnecHOenADScade 669 42. First rail rolled in America, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1844 .........-...-..----- 671
43. The Stevens rail snpported by cast-iron chair. Philadelphia and Reading Rail- nT Yo bet KB Y/ Sm eoeo roB ose GUSE eae REED SAL Saab ome Smna 5s Sec sosaccagscnaquoucnusGecnn4 672
44. The Stevens rail as laid on the Vicksburg and Jackson Railroad, in Mississippi, USAW Fas sais metes civic cre Se lela ova late epetelcjeinisie siiaiels Dario ee sfeleisiomiatetatotslapalnte wintalafeinistasslore(etelatas 672 45. T-rail, Boston and Wieeeni on Railroad: 22-22 sssoeese-eenes Br oie tie ebinas ease aia ercie's 673 46. T-rail, Hempstead Branck, Long Island Railroad, 1855...........--....------------- 673 47. 92-pound rail, 7 inches high, Camden and Amboy Railroad, 1848.....----.--.---.---- 674 4925liPcarheadedirails. 18552 .0.c ec a-24aee< aecieee cee eee raat cee eae Renae nemeeeem—itel=r= 675 52. Erie rail with ends stamped for Adams’ cast-iron bracket splice, 1857...-...--.---- 676 53. 73-pound rail, Pennsylvania Railroad, Mountain Division -........--.--.-------++--: 676 54. 62-pound pear-headed rail, Boston and Lowell Railroad . ..-....-.-.-.--------------- 677
55. Compound rail, wood and iron. Destgned by B. H. Latrobe, 1841, for Baltimore and Obio Railroad! saiayc sense aioe ee ee ae eee ease le rare eles teee ere ettlatese ro) etter 677 56. Compound rail, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1848.....---.--......- Sap hoconosdeonyod 678 57. Compound rail, New York Central Railroad, 1855 ............--------+-----20+0---- 678 58-61. Compound rails, New York Central and Troy Union Railroads, 1855 sagondonosrootTe 679 6263; “Aishbelewrelehyranl si 6 Giese tar ytetaias te ote) stale tae ates ep= ere tela =e eee eee eee tebetslate mia tetelarnioc 680 64; Rails;proposed by, O; Chanute; 1874.2. 2c eee oe ete e em tele eae etele elie le)iel=ioin iar 681 65. ‘‘ Box rail,” Great Western Railway of England, 1858...........-.-.------+-0------- 681 66. Great Western Railway, of Canaday W805 eee mee ee nesses cisterel-e)-teseleieeimiele eeeeininlel= 681 67-)Barlow7s| ‘Saddle Back rail 1856 eereeeeee ne ecm esse sees eee eee eer 682
68. Triangular wooden stringer capped with iron, Great Western Railway of England, 1h (See ee eee Ree Roo Rote Searaccnone cacctoesougossesa0 Tau see oaacBopaboossacen 682
69. Rails for New Orleans, Memphis and Chattanooga Railroad, rolled at Dowlais, Wiales: 1869: 32. sacSinnas Secon tee eerie Cee ee eee ere Noles eiceiate ents ae eiieeinsereee te iat 683 "0-75. eennsylvania Railroad standarderailae-ceeceteceeeeteenen eee emcee cere eneeaeaieee 624, 685
76-79. Standard Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Company’s standard rails. (From chart furnished by Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad) --..-.....--- 685
80. Rail rolled by the Bethlehem Iron Company, Ashbel Welch pattern, 62 pound. 1866. (From chart furnished by the Bethlehem Iron Company)..-...--------.---- 686 81. Rail rolled by the Bethlehem Iron Company, C. V. and W. Railroad pattern, 50 5 pounds, 1870. (From chart furnished by the Bethlehem Iron Company) .-.--..--- 686
82. Rail rolled by the Bethlehem Iron Company, Lehigh Valley Railroad pattern, 40
86.
87.
pounds, 1875. (From chart furnished by the Bethlehem Iron Company).-.--.-.--. 686
3. Rail rolled by the Bethlehem Iron Company, St. Louis and Santa Fé Railroad
pattern, 52 pounds, 1879. (From chart furnished by the Bethlehem Iron Com-
PANY) She ns sei wees - eee iias tore a oe Niele ateic win oe aretelat sss alc heim ares eee een late tore a lereiier= 686 Rail rolled by the Bepnionen Tron Company, Missouri Pacifie Railroad pattern, 52 pounds, 1881. (From chart furnished by the Bethlehem Tron Company).--..- 686 . Rail rolled by the Bethlehem Iron Company, Philadelphia and Reading pattern, 90 pounds, 1886. (From chart furnished by the Bethlehem Iron Company) ...--- 686 Rail rolled by the Bethlehem Iron Company, ‘‘Meat-Yard pattern,” 1884 (From chart furnished by the Bethlehem Iron Company) ....-.-...----------+-------0-- 686 Stevens rail laid on Great Western Railway of England (longitudinal system), B98. 2s. poe ee tener eee eee tenes tee e es eee ee escent eres teersereteeerseescgsens ve. 687
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XVII
Page FicurRE 88. Stevens rail adopted by the Royal Railway of Sweden, 1854.......... ei BCS OS CSE 687 89. Stevens rail in use on the Western Railway of France, 1855 ...................-.. 687 90. Stevens rail, Chemin de fer du Nord, France, 1888. (Called the Vignole rail in EONONO Me tase ata aire ss naan ee aamiae Saicicaem. nc cis dees ea aa ase =SicisieeUcice scviee ects 688 91. Standard rail of Belgian Government Railways, 1889. Sandberg section......... 688 92. Bull-headed rail, Strasbourg Railway, 1858... ... .--- 2. .-- 252 -s-scece acne nee ncones 689 93. Bull-headed rail, Avignon and Marseilles Railway, 1858 .-.....--......-.-.-..--.- 659 94, Bull-headed rail, Bath Branch, Great Western of England, 1858.-..............--. 689 95. Bull-headed rail, London and Northwestern Railway, 1889....................---- 689 Sia NOSS GlO—— Pil Gi QUALI ODY asics sides a aaron wicemicnc ec slesiae closiisies dericio ae cele se ciaSes 690 SPOOR Ute PTCA Al OD eet its cra es oleae ase seCaanid case cktncicn ce s> aceon ecene 690 PES ETOsS-L1e—= WiNOle LOS NEw DOU SIG ER) sec sioe neni w qaiwain a wimje'niesiac ee oo ceseitinieceaaese 690 99. Steel tie and permanent way, London and Northwestern Railway, 1885........... 691 120. Metal track, London and Northwestern Railway of rea NSS OMe eA ae cee ee 692 101. Metal track, Midland Railway of England, 1889 ........°.....-.....2-.e-seeecese-- 692 102. Metal track, Normanton line, Queensland, 1889 ..-........-..-...--e02--seeneeeeee 692 103. Metal ‘‘ Pot” tie system, Midland Railway of India, 1889 ......................22. 692 HOSE VOU A UraO ke Olin Cues ORG eblOn LSB seen sate on canis cnt;lefaicisfacicaisamaleeuie victoaceeerce 693 105. Metal track, Great Central Railway of Belgium, 1889.............. .....-2..00.-- 693 106. Bergh and Marche metal track system, Elberfeld Railway, Germany, 1889........ 693 107. Haarman longitudinal metal track, Right-Bank-of-the-Rhine Railway, 1889...... 694 108., Metal track, Vautherin system, France, 1889... -.-. 2.2.22 cee e cece ame ee snes eeene 694 109. Metal track, Egyptian Agricultural Railway, 1889........-...-...--2..-..eensee-- 694 110. Metal track, Bilbao and Las Arenas, Spain, 1889... ....-...s-cccee0sceccecanecces 695 111. Metal track, Central Railway, Argentine Republic, 1889.-.........-........2-.-. 695 112. Half lap joint, Hetton rail, 18?4......-. ssejateinicte cies is sizes eeiae sianansaosestcied aeees 695 113,113 a. Joint chair and wedge, O!d Postage Railroad, 1832-...-.....2.....---.ececsseeeen. 696 114. Stone block, rail, and joint tongue laid on Camden and Amboy Railroad in 1831... 696 115. Single splice bar for rail, rolled by the Phenix Iron Company, 1855. (From chart furnished by the Phenix Iron Company) .----..--..--.---..--------------- 697 116,117. Double splice bars for rail, rolled by the Phenix Iron Company, 1856. (From charts furnished by the Phenix:Iron Company): ..2.- -2<-22-0-s-«5beseseuececee 697 118. Plain splice bar, Pennsylvania Railroad, 1870..........-.......2--2-0- ae netatos=ie 698 119. Wooden joint block, New Jersey Railroad, about 1860 ............--.-.-2.eee-- ee 698 120. Ring, joint, and wedge used on the West Jersey Railroad ............-..--..2---- 699 fel loss-Anplesplice Dares... = sosee asccncis acces ween sonics ane scaaech cots sawemeceauceete 700, 701 129. Double angle Sayre-Fitz splice bar, Lehigh Valley Railroad, 1890 ..............-.- 704 130; Joint fixtureused on western railroads, 1869 ...---.....---..0...2--cccesecencwcrs 705 131. Fisher & Norris joint fixture as improved by Clark Fisher, 1888 ......... Sener 785 132. (\ Staple iron used as a makeshift tor a frog, Camden and Amboy Railroad, 1831. 706 Js MLOPS. COME VATAMNOAIS (OL MN PLAN, 1829) .c.n we 1s cece cnc vcm conte cect tweecsa cecaee 706 13d Prove, Old’ Postage hallrodd about 18s... conosco asa c ene vena ceioccces vsccee ese. 706 135. Rail frog, invented by Joseph Wood, New Jersey, 1859.........-.----seeeeeeeeeee 707 Job Witches Micoliery rallroagds, Hnpland, 1820... cece scm nie ee sv cciesenence ese sear 707 LST MUG HEN LON’ PALL D COUNTCLW CLL UG cs sw c'nala ne dees sccciten seainiate <ac ea teletaenieceas 708 ANIMALS RECENTLY EXTINCT OR THREATENED WITH EXTERMINATION, BY FREDERIC A. LUCAS. REISE ON OL GUE) Wiest LNGIAN SEAL: ..aec.cceics ec sc ocr site vinmrcleciamle s\n eels Vee! ences 615 Zest DU LOM OL tLe mUS GIO Wsacecosse.cics.cnn' wa cece ocacancens baics cecsinosesceeceses 624 SPLINE MUTE ON OLM DO LOU IDUS fanaa cinerea cise em wicieeie deesa we spe oss sOtineinr = cements 631 SP UUATADMMOM- Ole Ure beA UG. ec .ccine vole niancckowsmem esc tciitwesc sccm cess ceccmaes 639 Pepsin OL aad © OM OLAMt <cJcce cove net dete a care eis ewels elec dwaiecic ebleieielie an’ 641 6. Distribution of Galapagos Tortoises .......... ASO ROCs Ao QU Er noAtoe oases See Saosc 644 7. Showing area of destruction of Tile-fish..... Ae aenanatees was AS EECIMROCO DME Er: 648
H. Mis, 224, pt. 2——11
SEC PRION. LE.
Ren Oe
UPON THE CONDITION AND PROGRESS OF THE U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1889,
BY
Ge BROWN, GOODE,
Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of U. 8. National Museum.
H. Mis. 224, pt. 2——1
pCO PDS ele
KEP. ORE
UPON THE CONDITION AND PROGRESS OF THE U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1889,
By G. BROWN GOODE, Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution, in charge of U. S. National Museum.
A.—ORGANIZATION AND SCOPE OF THE MUSEUM.
The National Museum is under the charge of the.Smithsonian In- stitution, and its operations are supervised by the Board of Regents of the Institution.
The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution is by law the keeper of the collections.
In the act of Congress establishing the Smithsonian Institution are contained the following provisions concerning the scope of the museum to be placed under its charge:
(1) The law specifies certain classes of objects which shall come into the custody of the Institution, viz: All objects of art; all objects of foreign and curious research (7. e., ethnological collections); all objects of natural history; all plants; all geological and mineralog- ical specimens belonging or hereafter to belong to the United States, which may be in the city of Washington—including the “ National Cabinet of Curiosities,” at that time in one of the halls of the Patent Office building—in whosesoever custody they may be.
(2) It provides that in proportion as suitable arrangements can be made for their reception these objects shall be delivered to such per- sons’as may be authorized by the Board of Regents to receive them.
(3) It provides that they shall be arranged in such order and so classed as best to facilitate their examination and study.
(4) It provides that they shall thus be arranged in the building to be inclosed for the institution.
(5) It authorizes the Regents to obtain new specimens, by exchange of duplicate specimens, and by gift, and directs that they shall be also appropriately classed and arranged,
(6) It constitutes the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution the
keeper of the museum. 3
4 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF COLLECTIONS.
The coilections of the Museum are made up, in large part, of the fol- lowing materials:
(1) The natural history and anthropological collections accumulated since 1850 by the efforts of the officers and correspondents of the Smith- sonian Institution.
(2) The collections of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, the Perry ex- pedition to Japan, and other naval expeditions.
(3) The collections of the scientific officers of the Pacific Railroad survey, the Mexican boundary survey, and of the surveys carried on by the Engineer Corps of the Army.
(4) The collections of the United States geological surveys under the direction of the United States geologists, Hayden, King, and Powell.
(5) The collections of the U. 8. Fish Commission.
(6) The gifts by foreign Governments to the Museum or to the Pres- ident or other public officers of the United States, who are forbidden by law to retain such gifts in their private possession.
(7) The collections made by the United States to illustrate the ani- mal and mineral resources, the fisheries, and the ethnology of the na- tive races of the country, on the occasion of the International Exhibi- tion at Piiiladelphia in 1876, and the fishery collections displayed by the United States in the International Fisheries Exhibition at Berlin in 1880 and at London in 1883. .
(8) The collections given by the Governments of the several foreign nations, thirty in number, which participated in the exhibition at Phila- delphia.
(9) The industrial collections given by numerous manufacturing and commercial houses of Europe and America, at the time of the Phila- delphia Exhibition and subsequently.
(10) The material received in exchange for duplicate specimens from the museums in Europe and America, at the time of the Phila- delphia Exhibition and subsequently.
B.—_SPECIAL TOPICS OF THE YEAR. CLASSIFIED SERVICE OF THE MUSEUM.
A schedule representing the present actual needs of the service was, in response to a Senate resolution, submitted by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. By this it was shown that the sum of $200,000 at least was required to pay the salaries of the necessary scientific assistants, the clerical force, mechanics, and laborers, for the construc- tion of suitable cases, and for the employés connected with the heating, lighting, electrical, and telephonic service.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. gy
A COLLECTION OF BUSTS OF STATE GOVERNORS IN 1860.
A collection of thirty-two busts, including one of James Buchanan, has been presented to the Museum by Mrs. Anna E. Douglass. The busts were executed by Mr. Henry Dexter, of Cambridge. After the series was completed in plaster, it was placed on exhibition in the Doric Hall of the State House at Boston. The lapse of time and the celeb- rity of several of the governors have made this collection of great value from an historical stand-point. It is also probable that the sculptor’s efforts indicate the best work of the kind produced i in the United States . up to the year 1860.
AERONAUTIC COLLECTION.
It is intended to establish in the Museum a Department of Aero- nauties, in which will be established (1) balloons and apparatus lighter than air, and (2) models of aerostats heavier than air. The co-operation of the Aeronautic Society of Great Britain has been invited by the Secretary of the Institution, who is especially interested in the subject.
INCREASE OF THE COLLECTIONS.
A careful estimate of the number of specimens in all the departments of the Museum places the total at 2,864,244. In 1882 the total was estimated at about 192,000. At that time, however, some of the largest collections in the Museum, such as the ethnological collection, had not been brought under control, and no estimate of their extent was then possible; so that the difference between the totals for 1882 and 1889 can not be accounted for solely by the number of specimens received during these years, but includes also the material which was already in the possession of the Museum, but which had not been a at the time of the first census of the collections in 1882,
AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.
The American Historical Association was founded in 1884 for the pro- omotion of historical studies, for the collection and preservation of his- torical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of Amer- ican history. By an act of Congress approved January 4, 1889, the regents of the Smithsonian Institution are authorized to permit the American Historical Association to deposit its collections, manuscripts, books, etc., in the keeping of the Smithsonian Institution. Under this Act the American Historical Association reports annually to the Secre- tary of the Smithsonian Institution concerning its proceedings and the condition of historical study in America.
VISITORS DURING INAUGURATION SEASON,
On March 2 and 5 the Museum and Smithsonian buildings were vis- ited by 106,075 people.
6 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
CINCINNATI EXPOSITION.
The Exposition closed on November 8, 1888. The appropriation available for the use of the Museum was $40,000. The space occu- pied by the Museum exhibits was 12,000 square feet. Sixteen depart- ments of the Museum prepared exhibits. The total attendance at the Exposition was 1,055,276, the daily average being 9,595.
TRANSFER OF DISBURSEMENT OF MUSEUM APPROPRIATIONS.
A statement relating to this matter is made on page 20 of the report for last year. Congress has sanctioned the proposed transfer, and the Museum appropriations will henceforth be disbursed under the direc- tion of the Smithsonian Institution.
FORMATION OF A FORESTRY COLLECTION.
Through the courtesy of the Secretary of Agriculture Dr. B. E Fer- . now, Chief of the Forestry Division of the Department of Agriculture, has accepted the charge of the Section of Forestry in the National Mu- seum. The Section of Forestry was established in April, 1889.
C.—THE CONDITION OF THE COLLECTIONS. INCREASE OF THE COLLECTIONS.
The total number of specimens as estimated in the appended table is now not far from three millions. The increase during this year is much smaller than in any previous year since the completion of the Museum building. At the close of 1882 there were about 192,000 speci- mens in the collections. The increase during 1883 was about 170,000; during 1884, more than 1,200,006. It was during this year that the extent of the ethnological collection was first estimated and also of the collections of mollusks, insects, aboriginal pottery, birds’ eggs, reptiles and batrachians, and mesozoic fossils. During 1835 no estimate was made, this being the year when the fiscal year was adopted in place of the calendar year, and the report for 1885 covered only six months. In 1886 a careful estimate showed a further increase of about 950,000. In 1887 the increase was nearly 250,000, and in 1888 nearly 140,000. The increase during the fiscal year covered by this report is only 60,000. This may be accounted for to a large degree by the fact that, the exhibition halls and storage rooms being filled to their utmost ca- pacity, it has become necessary to cease to a large degree the eus- tomary efforts for the increase of the collections.
In order that the tabulated results here presented may not be mis- leading, it is proper to repeat what has elsewhere been alluded to, namely, that the classification of some of the largest collections, such as
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 7
the ethnological collection, had not been made in 1882, and that there- fore no figures appear under the head of ethnology for that year or for 1883, although the ethnological collection was at that time probably half as large as itis now. Some of the other collections had not been classified, and thus an increase in the collections more apparent than real appears to have taken place in 1885-86.
CENSUS OF THE COLLECTIONS
Table showing the estimated number of specimens in the Museum in 1882 and each year since.
{No census of collection taken in 1885. }
Name of department. | 1882. | 1883. | 1884. | 1885-86. 1886-'87. | 1887-'88. | 1888-89. == SS eee _| =| ae Arts and industries: | | Materia medica............-. borstme's wate | 4,000 | 4,442 | 4, 850 | 5, 516 5, 762 5, 942 Ta 1a Se ela One eg 1,244 1, 580 | 822 877 877 911 axtiles =o: ae eee ele ements | 2,000] 3,063 3, 144 3, 144 3, 222 RSH OMIGd ease eee weno: beeen cs eee Pee 5,000| 9,870 10,078 10,078) 10,078 Animal products. .......---..|--.-.--- Eee oes 1,000} 2,792 | - 2,822] 2, 822 | 2, 948 Naval architecture........--. Weer cheers [eietsteces ne GOOH|ESt 5 eel tS | Pee oee 600 Historical relics....... see] En cna aaheroo pooceO cae 1, 002 i 13, 634 14, 640 14, 990 Coins,medals, paper money,etc|.--..--.|.---.--.|---------- 1, 005 Musical instruments. .....-.- ese tte ae a ie ee 400 417 | 427 427 Modern pottery, porcelain, | | Z and bronzes ........-..----- Ci Se See eee RM een 2, 278 2,238 | 3,011 3, O11 Paints and dyes..........-.-. peat, kas Fs oy lid ss aed 77 100 | 100 | 109 _ “The Catlin Gallery ”....... pesenred peeeenen [eee ee. 500 | 500 | 500 500 Physical apparatus........-. oe net See ag See areas 250 251 | 251 | 251 mearneniitpatnny ee eo | oes aec Wi ayaa 197 | 198 | 198 213 HOMNCAEDLOCUC iss sacee ae alee sea - |S: aos e| ieee ale = oe 659 | 661 661 | 688 ToT) Peay Seen eaten ec See eee Cee ners | 200,090 | 500,000 | 503,764 505,464 | 508, 324 American aboriginal pottery.....|.....-..|.---.--. 12,000) 25,000} 26,022 | 27,122) 28, 222 MenErialrantinitipess sss). cess lets. eel os sec ees lnees soc sns | Ses cree hee Ee Sr, ees 850 Prehistoric anthropology.....-... 35, 512 | 40, 491 45,252 | 65.314 101,659 | 108, 631 116, 472 Mammals (skins and alcoholies)..| 4,660 | 4, 920 5, 694 | 7, 451 7, 811 | 8, 058 8, 275 SIR ae Acosta Suc cste ce wh eos | 44,354 | 47,246 | 50,350| 55,945| 54,987| 56,484| 7,974 Lo Ce ego | rN 40,072 | 44,163| 48,173 50,055 50, 173 Reptiles and batrachians ........ ais ah hh la ah at 23,495 | 25,344} 27,542 | 27,664 | 28, 405 TA UTH ioe ae ere ee ee 50,000 | 65,000 | 68,000 75,000 100, 000 | 101, 350 107, 350 JUS Se Os ae OS. 375) Ice vase: 400,000 | 460,000 | 425,000 | 455, 000 | 468, 000 HIN GAINS voce tes soa s 2 bah 600:|s.2---22 151,000 | 500,000 585,000 | 595, 000 603, 000 Marine-invertebrates ..........-- 11, 781 | 14,825 | 200,000 | 350,000 | 450,000 | 515,000 | 515, 300 Comparative anatomy : | | Osteology-....-....-- Sh bet 3,535 | 3, 640 4, 214 | ! | he is 70 103 3, 000 10, 210 | 11,022 | 11,558) 11,753 ansozoietossilacc: 2 -..-sc2-2-c|c-.22<3% 20,000 | 73,000} 80,482 | 84,491 | 84,649} 91, 126 IMps0zOle fONSIIB) <2... cose sess. [chee one [eects | 100,000 | 69,742} 70,775 | 170,925 71, 236 Cenozoic fossils. ......-.25.5.<--- (Included with mollusks.)|.-..--.---|-.-------- [es sears eee a ca oe Fossil plants...... oe ee ee | 4, 624 | 7,291| 7,429| 8,462} 10,000} 10,178 RECO PISKIR oc wasdeeas ts see te |accceci > One |Secwewccse 30, 000 32,000 | 38, 000 38, 459 PEI ONAIRES 8 oot vuss a.) coews. eet es| oe. ook. | 14, 550 16,610 | 18,401 18, 601 21, 896 27, 690 Lithology and physical geology .| 9,075 | 12,500} 18,000) 20,647 21,500 | 22, 500 27, 000 Metallurgy and economic geology)..-..--. 30,000 |» 40,000) 48,000 | 49,000 | 51,412 52, 076 TCA AMIN GIG arses Doane as oe aoa ds ous [a arerm [SEPA AAA Ne Res ocar| nee eop views 220 491 BRoniec seer cee tS i270: 193, 362 260, 143 |1, 472, 600 |2, 420, 944 2, 666,335 2, 803,459 | 2, 864, 244 | | I
8 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
MUSEUM CATALOGUES.*
The following exhaustive account of the manuscript catalogues of the Museum has been prepared by Mr. Randolph I. Geare:
The catalogue system of the Museum was devised and commencea in April, 1839, by Professor Baird, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, while en- gaged in work upon bis private collection of birds. The book in which the specimens in this collection were recorded is now Vol. I of the Bird Catalogue, and is in the custody of Mr. Ridgway, Curator of Birds.
When Professor Baird became Assistant Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution in 1850, he brought with him and presented to the Na- tional Museum his private collection of birds, and a large general nat- ural history collection, filling an entire baggage car. The bird collection was catalogued between 1839 and 1848.
After Professor Baird accepted the position of Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, his system of cataloguing was adopted for the Government collections.
When the cataloguing of the Museum specimens was commenced, it was found more convenient to keep the records of the several collec- tions in one book. For many years allobjects other than specimens of natural history were entered in the “‘ Ethnology ” series. Vol. x1 of this Series is the first that was set apart for the entry of material of a specified character, and in it are recorded materia medica specimens. Musical instruments, fishery implements, foods, textiles, and other classes of specimens are also included in this volume. A catalogue for mineral and metallurgical specimens was opened in 1859, for fossils in 1859, for vertebrate specimens in 1840, for birds in 1839, for mammals in 1852, for mollusks in 1859. This early system of cataloguing was, although not entirely satisfactory, under the circumstances necessary; but during later years every special collection has been provided with its own catalogue book, and in some instances the curators have found it con- venient to assign a different book to the several groups of objects un- der their custody. The total number of catalogue books in the Museum, entirely or partly filled, is 151, as shown in the following enumeration:
No. of | No. of
Series. eae | Series. ee
books. books. HB PHNOLOMY! fee ce meianacisem ers eeeeemaeeee ae 31 | Marine invertebrates .---..-.----------- 12 Mineralogy and metallurgy.............- 17 || Reptiles and batrachians ...--...-...... 4 Mosgsilsi./ 2): Vasaaeeiss sees ee ene eee 6 | ISeE HD Nie Sons sotoccosorcssasscence 2 PBATOS Woes cue Leek eee tok scan cee 93) 'l\Insects.2!ss ssacobeceocote scene esceeene. 1 Wertebrates) <130-ceciscsic obec cn coecleiceniee 7 || Graphic arts). e--- 2s. ee= enn eee =e 1 Mammal sy. -< Use ctoahineeeune weep sence 4 || Textiles and foods .......-.---.-------+: 2 MOUbOSEG 5. (<.o cee onc sae betaae sco e cu teers 24 | Transportation and engineering -..---.. 1 WITASMO PLS tse ac leew 4-eoeeee esac ue esos 6 || Living animals ........--...-..--------- 1 Fishes ..... = SE UR) Pies Oe BE ees 9 || aoa
* Catalogue entries made later than June 30,1889, are in many instances referred to, the preparation of this statement not having been completed until the end of the calendar year 1839.
\
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 9
The history of the system of cataloguing in tbe various departments is given in the following detailed statement :
CATALOGUES OF THE DEPARTMENTS IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ETHNOLOGICAL SERIES.
This series contains thirty-one volumes, with 150,400 entry spaces. The earlier volumes were devoted to the entry of all objects accruing to the Museum other than objects of natural history.
From time to time separate volumes or portions of volumes have been set apart for the entry of material of a specified character.
ol. I, Nos. 1 to 3500.—The first material entered bears date of March 9, 1859, and is a collection of Japanese ethnological objects, pre- sented by the Emperor of Japan, through Commodore Perry.
The last entry is dated February 4, 1867.*
Vol. II, Nos. 3501 to 8300.—This volume covers the period between February, 1867, and February, 1869. Many of its pages are devoted to the entry of material gathered by the Wilkes Exploring Expedition. The entries have not been carried beyond 8277, from 8278 to 8300, both inclusive, having been left for some reason blank.*
Vol. ITI, Nos. 8301 to 14100.—This volume covers the period be- tween February, 1869, and June, 1874.*
Vol. IV, Nos. 14101 to 19825.—This volume covers the period be- tween June, 1874, and March, 1875.*
Vol. V, Nos. 19826 to 24750.—This volume covers the period between March, 1875, and September, 1876.*
Vol. Vi, Nos. 24751 to 29700.—The first entry in the volume is dated October, 1875—a year prior to the last entry in Vol. V, and the vol- ume was completed a year subsequent to the opening of Vol. VII, the next of this series. This volume was probably set apart for the use of some collector in the field.*
Vol. VII, Nos. 29701 to 34600.—This volume covers the period be- tween September, 1876, and January, 1879.*
Vol. VIII, Nos. 34601 to 39500.—This volume covers the period be- tween January, 1879, and January, 1880.*
Vol. LX, Nos. 39501 to 44350.—This volume covers the period between January, 1880, and December, 1880.*
Vol. X, Nos. 44351 to 49225.—This volume covers the period between December, 1880, and January, 1881.*
In Vol. X is the following note :
- The two succeeding volumes of record are devoted (1) to collections under the U. S. Fish Commission and (2) to chemical and other artificial products.
Vol. XI.—This volume, the first of the series set apart for the entry
of material of a specified character, was assigned to Dr. Flint for the
*The original catalogue is in the Department of Prehistoric Anthropology, and a copy has been made for the Department of Ethnology.
10 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
entry of specimens of materia medica. It covers the period between May, 1881, and February, 1886. The entries in this volume have been earried as far as 54050, although the limit provided for is No. 53925 ; thus duplicating to the extent of about one hundred and twenty-five numbers the entries in Vol. xtr. This volume is in the custody of the Section of Materia Medica.*
Vol. XII, Nos. 53926 to 57950.—From January, 1881, to February, 1883. Assigned as follows: From 53926 to 54750 is devoted to the entry of general ethnological objects except the following: Nos. 53926 to54015. A collection of Japanese plants, from the University of Tokyo ; entered in July, 1881. This portion of the catalogue has been used in the Section of Fisheries.
Nos. 54016 to 54079 embrace a collection of Chinese musical instru- ments from the Chinese Imperial Centennial Commission, and others. These entries were made in December, 1881. This portion of the cata- logue has been used in the Section of Fisheries. The entry of musical | instruments has been continued in Vol. xx of this series.
Nos. 54080 to 54302 are devoted to the entry of general ethnological objects. This portion of the catalogue has been used in the Section of Fisheries.
Nos. 54303 to 54525 are devoted to the entry of a large collection of fishing implements, models of fishing boats, etc. This material was entered in November, 1882, and was the nucleus of the fisheries collec- tion. This portion of the catalogue has been used in the Section of Fisheries.
Nos. 54526 to 54750 are blank.
Nos. 54751 to 55550 are devoted to the entry of a collection of food- stuffs. his is the first entry of a collection of food-stuff of any consid- erable extent.
Nos. 55551 to 56425 are devoted to the entry of miscellaneous ethno- logical specimens, including fishing implements. (With the Section of Fisheries.)
Nos. 56426 to 56774. A collection of ethnological objects from the Alaskan Indians. (With the Section of Fisheries.)
Nos. 56775 to 56825 are blank.
Nos, 56826 to 57201 are used for the entry of a collection of ship's
* In April, 1883, Vol. xvui of the ‘‘ Ethnology series” was assigned to the curator of this section for the entry of such chemical specimens as could not be included under the head of Materia Medica. Vol. xvii was afterwards transferred to the custody of the Curator of Foods and Textiles, and Vol. xxx of the ‘“‘ Ethnology series” was as- signed to the Section of Materia Medica. Vol. xvit has served the purpose of a general catalogue for this section from February, 1886—the date of completion of Vol. xi, to May, 1888—the date of the first entry in Vol. xxx. Such entries of ma- teria medica specimens as had been made in Vol. xvii were transferred to Vol. Xxx, which is still in use in this section. To the end of the last fiscal year 5502 catalogue numbers had been made use of, distributed as follows: In Vol. x1, 4825 numbers, from 49226 to 54051, in Vol. xxx, 677 numbers, from 141201 to 141878.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. i |
papers, fittings, and stores; fishing appliances; fishing products. (With the Section of Fisheries.)
Nos. 57201 to 57229. A small collection of fibers and textiles. (With the peru” of Fisheries.) :
Nos. 57230 to 57250 are blank.
Nos. 57251 to 57628. Food-stufis, dyes, and textiles in the rough. (With the Section of Fisheries.)
Nos. 57629 to 57950. Fishing implements, including boat fittings, ete.
These several portions of Vol. xIr are as yet unbound. A bound copy of this volume, comprising all these portions, is in the Depart- ment of Ethnology.
Vol. XIII, Nos. 57951 to 62750.—This volume covers the period be- tween June, 1881, and February, 1884. It is devoted to the entry of archeological material with the exception of about 170 entries of eth- nological specimens. A list of the ethnological material so entered has been appended to the copy of Vol. x11, in the Department of Ethno- logy. The original catalogue is in the Department of Prehistoric An- thropology.
Vol. XIV, Nos. 62751 to 67575.—This volume covers the period be- tween December, 1881, and November, 1882, and is occupied with en- tries of pottery and stone implements Sraenere
The original catalogue is in the Department of Prehistoric Anthro- pology, and a copy is in the Department of Ethnology.
Vol. XV, Nos. 67576 to 72375.—This volume covers the period be- tween November, 1882, and April, 1883, and is devoted to the entry of pottery, stone implements, and other archeological material.
The original catalogue is in the Department of Prehistoric Anthro- pology, and a copy is in the Department of Ethnology.
Vol. XVI, Nos. 72376 to 77350.—This volume covers the period be- tween January, 1883, and March, 1887, and is devoted to the entry of general ethnological material, except the following numbers: 75001 to 75335 are set apart for the entry of a collection of historical relics, musi- cal intruments, and modern ceramics.
Nos. 76001 to 76500 have been assigned for the use of the Curator of the Section of Naval Architecture.
Nos. 77245 to 77351 are left blank. The original catalogue is in the Department of Prehistoric Anthropology, and a copy has been made for the Department of Ethnology.
Vol. XVII, Nos. 77350 to 82325.—This volume covers the period be- tween April, 1883, and June, 1889. Originally assigned to the Depart- ment of Materia Medica for the entry of chemicals. Used as a general catalogue of the Section of Materia Medica. Transferred to the De- partment of Foods and Textiles. Now in use, the entries having been carried as far as 78067. Upon its transfer the Materia Medica speci-
12 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
mens which had been entered in this volume, were transferred to Vol. Xxx of this series.
Vol. XVITI, Nos. 82326 to 87300.—This volume covers the period be- tween April, 1883, and October, 1883. Devoted to the entry of poutery, stone nalsneni and other archeological material.
The original catalogue is in the Department of Prehistoric Anthro- pology, and a copy isin the Department of Ethnology.
Vol. XLX, Nos. 87301 to 92200.—This volume covers the period be- tween October, 1883, and September, 1884. Devoted to the entry of pottery, prehistoric stone implements, ete.
The original catalogue is in the Department of Prehistoric Anthro- pology, and a copy is in the Department of Ethnology.
Vol. XX, Nos. 92201 to 97100.—Current catalogue of the section of musical instruments. Devoted to the entry of musical instruments, ex- cepting Nos. 92335 to 92654, which are devoted to the entry of the ‘‘ Washington relics” transferred from the Patent Office. The entries have been carried as far as 94658. This catalogue was commenced in May, 1883.
Vol. XXI, Nos. 97101 to 102000.—This volume covers tie period be- tween February, 1884, and April, 1887. Devoted to the entry of ma- terial assigned to the Department of Prehistoric Anthropology.
Vol. XXII, Nos. 102001 to 106900.—The current volume in use by the Section of Fisheries. Separate parts of this volume are assigned re- spectively to the Sections of Fisheries and Animal Products. The entries in the Section of Fisheries have been carried from 102001 to 103443; in the Section of Animal Products from 104501 to 105045. The first entry in the space assigned to the Section of Fisheries is dated March, 1884; the first in the space assigned to the Section of Animal Products is dated June, 1886.
Vol. XXIII, Nos. 106901 to 111800.—From September, 1884, to May, 1885. Devoted to the entry of specimens assigned to the Department ot Prehistoric American Pottery.
Original catalogue in the Department of Prehistoric American Pot- tery ; a partial copy in the Department of Prehistoric Anthropology.
Vol. XXIV, Nos. 111801 to 116700.—This catalogue covers the period between May, 1885, and June, 1886. Devoted to the entry of speci- mens assigned to the Department of Prehistoric American Pottery.
The original catalogue is in the Department of Prehistoric American Pottery and a partial copy in the Department of Prehistoric Anthro- pology.
Vol. XX V, Nos. 116701 to 121640.—This catalogue was assigned for the entry of a collection to illustrate the art of taxidermy. The first entry was made on February 9, 1886, and the last entry was made on March 9, 1886. The entries have only been carried as far as 116814.
Vol. XX VI, Nos. 121601 to 126500.—This volume was assigned for the
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 13
entry of historical collections and coins, and embraces the period from February, 1886, to October, 1889. The entries run as far as 126838, thus encroaching to the extent of about three hundred numbers on the entries of Vol. XXVII.
Vol. XX VII, Nos. 126501 to 131400.—The current volume in use in the Department of Ethnology. Commenced in March, 1886. In this volume 300 numbers, beginning with 130000, have been set apart for the entry of material assigned to the Section of Oriental Antiquities.
Vol. XX VIII, Nos. 131401 to 136300.—The current volume in use in the Department of Prehistoric American Pottery. Commenced in June, 1856.
Vol. XX LX, Nos. 136301 to 141200.—This volume is devoted to the entry of material assigned to the Department of Prehistoric Anthropol- ogy. From April, 1887, to October, 1889.
Vol. XXX, Nos. 141201 to 145900.—Current volume in use in the See- tion of Materia Medica. Commenced May, 1888.
Vol. XX XI, Nos. 145901 to 150400.—Current volume in use in the De- partment of Prehistoric Anthropology. Commenced in October, 1889.
MINERALOGICAL AND METALLURGICAL SERIES.
In the early volumes of this series are entered minerals, ores, litho- logical specimens, metallurgical products, and fossils. The first entry is dated April, 1859, and consists of a large collection of minerals, ores, rocks, and fossils ; collected by Lieut. J. C. Ives. There are seventeen volumes included in this series. Vols. I, 11, UI, 1V, and X are in the custody of the Department of Minerals, the other volumes of the series are in the Department of Geology.
Vol. I, Nos. 1 to 3500.—Virst entry April 29, 1859; the last entry noted is July, 1861, but there are many entries subsequent to this period. This volume contains many unused numbers.
Vol. IT, Nos. 3501 to 9200.—First entry June 16, 1862; last entry December 23, 1874.
Vol. ILI, Nos. 9201 to 14,500.—First entry January 7, 1875; last entry February 25, 1884. On the title page is the following inscription :
Catalogue for minerals, rocks, fossils and metallurgical products, beginning with No. 9201, January, 1875.
Vol. IV, Nos. 14501 to 20300.—The first entry has no date; the last entry is dated June 10,1883. There is a note at the end of this volume stating that Nos. 20301 to 25001 were assigned to ‘“‘ Mr. Keirigs (?) col- lection of rocks.” On the title page is ‘‘ A catalogue of the collection to illustrate the mineral resources of the United States, International Exhibition, 1876.” There is an appendix containing many duplicate entries, together with additional entries made at a much later period than the date of completion of the volume.
14 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889,
Vol. V.--This volume is devoted to the entry of lithological material. Nos. 20301 to 25000. Entry has been made up_to and including 25125, thus duplicating to the extent of one hundred and twenty-five numbers the entries of Vol. vi. Nos. 23399 to 24000, both inclusive, are blank.
Vol. V1, Nos. 25001 to 29649.--Devoted to the entry of lithological material. This book contains entries in 1881, 1882, 1883, and 18584.
Vol. VII, Nos. 29651 to 34650.—This book is devoted to the entry of ores and metallurgical appliances and products, ete. The entries in this volume duplicate those of Vol. vir to the extent of about one hun- dred and twenty-five numbers. First entry December 12, 1882; last entry May 10, 13884.
Vol. VIE, Nos. 34526 to 39400.—This volume is devoted to the entry of lithological material. First entry January 11, 1884; last entry May 12, 1888.
Vol. LX, Nos. 39401 to 44300.—This volume is devoted to the entry of ores, metallurgical appliances and products, ete. First entry March 24, 1884; last entry October 19, 1885.
Vol. X, Nos. 44301 to 49200.—This volume is devoted to the entry of mineralogical material. This catalogue is now in use in the Department of Minerals. First entry April 7,18384. Up to theend ofthe last fiscal year, the last entry was 48468.
Vol. XI, Nos. 49201 to 54100.—This volume is devoted to the entry of ores and metallurgical appliances and products. Nos. 51674 to 54100, both inclusive, are left blank. The first entry in this book is dated May, 1884, but there are entries as late as November 11, 1889.
Vol. XIT, Nos. 54101 to 59000.—This volume is devoted to the entry of ores and metallurgical apphances and products, ete. First entry August 8, 1884; last entry February 12, 1886.
Vol. XITI, Nos. 59001 to 63900.—Devoted to the entry of ores and metallurgical appliances and products. Nos. 59946 to 63900, both in- _clusive, are unused. First entry September 4, 1884; last entry October 4, 1889.
Vol. XIV, Nos. 63901 to 68800.—Devoted to the entry of ores and metallurgical appliances and products, ete. First entry October 19, 1885; last entry December 18, 1889. From 66651 to the end of the book the numbers are unused. Uptotheend of June, 1889, the entries had proceeded as far as No. 66584.
Vol. XV, Nos. 68801 to 73500.—Devoted to the entry of lithological material. This catalogue is now in use in the Department of Geology. First entry January 20, 1888; last entry January 8, 1890. From 72890 to the end of the volume is unused. Nos. 70692 to 72889 are all entered under July 19, 1889.
Vols. X VI and X VI1.—These two volumes are but partially filled by the re-entry of material already entered in some previous volume of
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 15
this series. Much material already entered in the earlier volumes of this series has been re-entered in the later volumes. In the Depart- ment of Metallurgy and Economie Geology an endeavor seems to have been made to enter all material of a like nature in separate cata- logues ; thus, in the year 1889 three catalogues (Vols. XI, X1I, and XIV) were in use in this department. All of these books are as yet unfilled.
INVERTEBRATE FOSSIL SERIES.
Vol. .—The material constituting the nucleus of the Museum collec- tion of fossils was gathered by the various Government Surveys of the country west of the Mississippi. The first entry, dated April 28, 1859, relates to a large collection of fossils gathered by Lieut. J. C. Ives, of the U.S. Army. Thevolume was completed in 1863, It contains num- bers from 1 to 3500, both inclusive. The original is in the custody of the Department of Mesozoic Fossils, and a copy is with the Department of Paleozoic Fossils.
Vol. IT, Nos. 3501 to 8890.—Original catalogue in the Department of Mesozoic Fossils, and copy with the Department of Paleozoic Fossils. First entry April 3, 1864; last entry March, 1880.
Vol. IT1, Nos. 8891 to 13575 to and including 12900,—Original with the Department of Mesozoic Fossils, and copy with the Department of Paleozoic Fossils. First entry April, 1880; last entry October, 1885.
Vol. 1V, 13576 to 18500.—Devoted to the entry of Paleozoic Fossils exclusively. First entry June 9, 1883; last entry December 16, 1889.
Vol. V, Nos. 18501 to 23500.—This volume is now in use in the De- partment of Mesozoic Fossils. Up to the end of the last fiscal year the entries had been carried as far as 20262.
Vol. VI, Nos. 23501 to 28500.—Now in use in the Department of Paleozoic Fossils. The entries have been carried to 23657.
BIRD SERIES.
This catalogue is contained in twenty-three volumes of varying sizes, in which up to January, 1590, 117,445 entries had been made. The first volume of this series is a catalogue of the private collection of William M. and Spencer F. Baird. The first entry in this book is dated April, 1839, and there are entries as late as 1851. This volume includes num- bers from 1 to 3696. This volume also contains a short list of quad- rupeds.
Vol. I1, Nos. 3697 to 7700.—There are no dates of entry, but this volume probably covers the period between 1851 and 1857,
Vol. III, Nos. 7901 to 13825.—From November, 1857, to December, 1860.
Vol. IV, Nos. 13826 to 23400.—From August, 1857, to January, 1862.
Vol. V, Nos. 23401 to 28400.—The title of this book is as follows : ‘Museum Catalogue of Birds from No. 23401 to 28400, Received dur- ing the years 1860 to 1863, A. D.”
16 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
The entries are from December 30, 1860, to April 30, 1863.
Vol. VI, Nos. 28401 to 33200.—Title is as follows: ‘“ Museum Cata- logue of Birds received during the years 1863 and 1864.”
Vol. VII, Nos. 33201 to 38700.—From March 22, 1864, to June 12, 1865.
Tol. VIII, Nos. 38701 to 45500.—From June 12, 1865 to March 20, 1867.
Vol. 1X, Nos 45501 to 50400.—From February 19, 1867, to March 4, 1868.
Vol. X, Nos. 50401 to 56000.—From March 4, 1868, to January 15, 1869.
Vol. XI, Nos. 56001 to 61200.—From June, 1869, to May, 1871.
Vol. XII, Nos. 61201 to 66900.—The first entry is under the year 1872, the last is dated June 24, 1874.
Vol. XIII, Nos. 66901 to 72800.—From June 24, 1874, to February 15; 1877. Tol. XIV, Nos. 72801 to 77700.—From April 6, 1877, to April, 1879. Vol. XV, Nos. 77701 to 82500.—From April, 1879, to August, 1881. Vol. XVI, Nos. 82501 to 87320.—From June 29, 1881, to June 12, 1882. Vol. XVII, Nos. 87321 to 92300.—From June 12, 1882, to November 27, 1883.
Vol. XVIIT, Nos. 92301 to 97300.—From November 20, 1883, to April 8, 1884.
Vol. XLX, Nos. 97301 to 102200.—From April 9, 1884, to January 31, 1885.
Vol. XX, Nos. 102201 to 107100.—From January 31, 1885, to January 10, 1886.
Vol. XXJI, Nos. 107101 to 112050.—From January 10, 1886, to Octo- ber 24, 1887.
Vol. XXIT, Nos. 112051 to 117000. From October 24, 1887, to No- vember 22, 1889.
Vol. XXITI.—Now inuse. Commenced on November 22, 1889. On January 18, 1890, the entries had been carried as far as 117445.
VERTEBRATE SERIES (RECENT AND FOSSIL).
In the earlier volumes of this series were entered vertebrate fossils, recent and fossil. Subsequently entire volumes, or portions of volumes, were set apart for skeletons of a particular kind.
Vol. I, Nos. 1 to 3500.—Original and copy with the Department of Mammals. Covers the period between 1840 and 1859.
Vol. IT, Nos. 3501 to 8850.—Original and copy with the Department of Mammals. From March 12, 1859, to May, 1869.
Vol. IIT, Nos. 8851 to 15800.—With the Department of Mammals. From May, 1869, to December, 1877.
Vol. IV.—The entries in this volume begin at 14501, thus duplicating
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 17
to the extent of about thirteen hundred numbers the entries of the preceding volume. This volume was closed on October 26, 1888, the entries having been carried as far as 18330.
Vol. V begins at No. 20751.—This volume is devoted exclusively to the entry of skeletons of mammals. Commenced March 14, 1882. The entries had been carried as far as 24951 on January 18, 1890.
Vol. VI.—Separate parts of this volume are set apart for the entry of skeletons of fishes and of reptiles. The entry of skeletons of fishes begins at 25751, dated March 4, 1883, and had been earried as far as 26084 on September 11, 1888. The entry of skeletons of reptiles begins at 29001, dated March 22, 1885, and had been carried as far as No. 29266, on August 31, 1889.
Vol. VII.—This is the current catalogue of the Department of Verte- brate Fossils. The entries begin at 30701 and on December 21, 1889, had been carried as far as 30950. This volume is in the custody of the Department of Comparative Anatomy. A card catalogue has been prepared of all vertebrate fossils belonging to the Museum collections, which have been entered in the earlier volumes of this series.
MAMMAL SERIES.
A separate series of books has been kept for the entry of mammal skins, with the exception of a few entriesin Vol. 1 of the ‘“ Bird Series, ” made in 1840.
Vol. I, Nos. 1 to 2650.—Original and copy with the Department of Mammals. Commenced February 12, 1852, and closed prior to April, 1857.
Vol. II, Nos. 2651 to 7000.—Original and copy with the Department
/of Mammals. Covers the period between April, 1857, and October, 1863. The title of this volume is ‘“ Mammals from No. 2651 to 7050 in the collection of the Smithsonian {nstitution, April, 1857 to October, 1863.”
Vol. III, Nos. 7001 to 12250.—Original and copy with the Depart- ment of Mammals. Covers the period between October, 1863, and December, 1874.
Vol. 1V.—Current volume in use in the Department of Mammals. On January 10, 1890, the entries had been carried as far as 18043.
\
r MOLLUSK SURIES.
In the Report of the National Museum for 1885* Mr. W. H. Dall, _ Curator of the Department of Mollusks, presents a statement of the registration of specimens from 1859 to 1885, from which it appears that 42,440 entries had been made. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1886, 18,638 entries were made. In the next fiscal year 10,530 entries were recorded, the latest being No, 83534, in Vol. xvii. On
. * Page 110.
Ey Min; 224--=--9
18 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
June 30, 1888, the catalogues show that 11,799 entries had been made, the last one being No. 98677, in Vol. xx1. From Mr. Dall’s report for 1859 it appears that 6,323 entries had been made during the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1889, the last number taken up being 102074, in Vol. xxt. Entries were also made during the same year in Vols. XVIII and Xx. During the six months ending December 31, 1889, 1,159 additional en- tries had been made in Vol. XXII.
With a view to economy of time two other catalogue books are kept for the use of assistants working in other offices of the department. This series therefore comprises in all twenty-four volumes. ;
BIRDS’ EGG SERIES.
This catalogue comprises six volumes, containing 23,908 entries.
Vol. 1, Nos. 15 to 2300, 1858 to 1859; Vol. m1, Nos. 2300 to 7900, 1859 to 1864; Vol. 111, Nos. 7900 to 12900, 1864 to 1867; Vol. rv, Nos. 12900 to 17975, 1867 to 1878; Vol. v, Nos. 17975 to 22550; Vol. vi, Nos. 22551 to 27450. On January 15, 1890, the entries had been carried as far as 23908.
FISH SERIES.
This catalogue is contained in nine volumes. ‘The title of the first volume is “ Museum Catalogue of Foreign and Domestic Fish embraced in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution, from the years 1856 to 1861.”
Vol. 1, Nos. 1 to 3600, December 15, 1856 to 1861; Vol. 11, Nos. 3601 to 8700, 1861 to 1872; Vol. 111, Nos. 8701 to 16150, 1872 to 1876; Vol. Iv, Nos. 16151 to 21100, 1876 to 1878; Vol. v, Nos. 21101 to 25925, 1878 to 1880; Vol. v1, Nos. 25926 to 30725, 1880 to 1882; Vol. vi1, Nos. 30726 to 35700, 1882 to 1884; Vol. vill, No. 35701. The last entry is dated April 15, 1889. Vol. 1x begins at 40601. On December 10, 1889 (the last date of entry prior to January 20, 1890), the entries had been carried as far as 41594.
MARINE INVERTEBRATE SERIES.
In this department volumes or parts of volumes have been assigned to particular families or orders. The catalogue comprises about twelve volumes.
Porifera and Pretozoa.—First entry February 28, 1881; last entry February 22, 1890. Number of entries, 6,193.
Crustacea.—The first volume of this series ,containing Nos. 1 to 2000, was destroyed in the Chicago fire. The first entry in Vol. 11 is dated November 30, 1872, and is numbered 2001. On January 22, 1890, the entries had been carried as far as 14646.
Radiata.—First entry (No. 1) is dated November 19, 1880. On Jan- uary 22, 1890, the entries had been carried as far as 17377.
Bryozoa and Ascidia.—First entry (No.1) is dated February 11, 1882. On January 22, 1890, the entries had been carried as far as 2842.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. Jie,
Vermes.—First entry (No. 1) February 28, 1881. Number of entries up to January 22, 1890, 4780.
REPTILE AND BATRACHIAN SERIES.
Cataloguing in this department was commenced in 1856. This cata- logue consists of four volumes.
Vol. 1, from 1 to 2900, covers the period between January, 1856, and July, 1858.
Vol. ur, from 2901 to 7875, covers the period between July, 1850, and March, 1873.
Vol. 111, from 7876 to 13885, March, 1875, to October, 1884.
Vol. Iv, is now in use. On January 20, 1890, the entries had been carried as far as 15619—to the end of June, 1889, to 15525.
INSECT SERIES.
The Department of Insects has a special catalogue in which are recorded all the additions to the collections since May 18,1883. A single entry may include several hundred specimens. Up to the end of June, 1889, 486 entries had been made. No attempt has been made to aftix catalogue numbers to the immense amount of material belong- ing to the Department of Agriculture. The material has been classified according to relationship, the several orders, families, genera, etc., be- ing kept in separate trays. The force of this department is now en- gaged in the preparation of a catalogue based on relationship, in which will be indicated the number of examples of each species in the Museum collection.
BOTANICAL SERIES.
As has already been stated in connection with Vol. x11 of the Eth- nology series, Nos. 53926 to 54015 of that volume were taken up in cataloguing (July, 1881) a collection of Japanese plants received from the University of Tokyo. This is the first collection of plants entered under a consecutive series of numbers.
RECENT PLANT SERIES.
In 1865 the Herbarium of the Smithsonian Institution, already of great extent and value, which had for many years been under the care of Dr. John Torrey in New York City, was placed under the care of the Department of Agriculture, with the understanding that the appointment of the Botanist of the Department of Agriculture (to be charged with its administration) should be subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Constant additions have been made to the Herbarium since that time by the Smithsonian Institu- tion, and the collection has been also greatly increased through special efforts made by the Botanist of the Department of Agriculture and his assistants.
20 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
In 1881, when Prof. Lester F. Ward took charge of the collection of fossil plants in the Museum, he found that the separation of the fossil plants from the recent plants caused him much inconvenience in con- nection with the identification of the former. Since that time, there- fore, it has been customary to retain in the Museum such accessions of recent plants as were needed by Professor Ward and other students in connection with their paleo-botanical work. A second collection of recent plants has thus been formed in the Museum building. It became evident that the existence of two herbaria, each a part of the National Herbarium, and each entirely separate in administration from the other, was undesirable. Dr. George Vasey, Botanist of the Department of Agriculture, has therefore, at the request of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and with the consent of the Secretary of Ag- riculture, accepted the position of Honorary Curator of the National Herbarium. The Secretary of Agriculture has also agreed to the prop- osition of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution that, as soon as proper accommodation can be afforded to the National Herbarium in one of the buildings of the National Museum, the portion of the Her- barium now in the Department of Agriculture may be transferred and combined with the collection now in the Museum building.
In Dr. Vasey’s report covering the remainder of the fiscal year (March 1 to June 30, 1889,) he states that no catalogue of the plants contained in the Herbarium has yet been made, but that they are properly ar- ranged in orders, genera, and species, and are labeled so as to be read- ily accessible. hs
In March, 1889, the catalogue of recent plants received in the Na- tional Museum, contained 175 entries. No idea, however, of the extent of the collection can be formed by this statement, since the first two entries comprised 25,000 specimens, these representing the Ward and Joad collections. With the beginning of the fiscal year 1889-1890 a new catalogue will be opened by Dr. Vasey for the entry of recent plants.
FOSSIL PLANT SERIES.
The cataloguing of fossil plants was first systematically commenced in the year 1881 (?) by Prof. Leo Lesquereux, of Columbus, Ohio.
Several entries of fossil plants are found in the early volumes of the “ Fossil Series ” of catalogues.
There is an extra catalogue kept, in which is entered the material that had accumulated in the interval between the time at which Professor Lesquereux discontinued the work of cataloguing and the period at which it was resumed by Mr. Knowlton. This catalogue is only provisional, the specimens when identified being re-entered in the regular catalogue of the department.
GRAPHIC ART SERIES.
The Section of Graphic Arts has a special catalogue, in which up to January 7, 1890, 3,233 entries had been made.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 21
FOOD AND TEXTILE SERIES.
In the custody of this department are two volumes of a special cata- logue. In these, special series of numbers have been set apart for the various kinds of material placed in the department. The two volumes contain about 9,900 numbers, about two-thirds of which have thus far been utilized. It will be observed that a part of Vol. x11 of the Eth- nology series (Nos. 54751 to 55550) is devoted to the entry of a collection of foods and other specimens. This appears to have been the first set of numbers devoted to the cataloguing of this material.
TRANSPORTATION AND ENGINEERING SERIES.
To this section a special catalogue has been assigned. The first en- try is dated March 10, 1885, and has reference to the locomotive “ John Bull,” the gift of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Up to the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, 125 entries had been made. In this section the work of cataloguing has never been carried on system- atically, owing to the pressure of other work.
LIVING ANIMAL SERIES.
This department has a special catalogue. The first entry is in Octo- ber, 1887. On June 30, 1889, 341 entries had been made.
FORESTRY SERIES.
The cataloguing of specimens in the forestry collection has not yet been commenced.
CATALOGUE ENTRIES DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1889.
A catalogue entry, as explained in previous reports, may relate to a single specimen or to several hundred or even several thousand speci- mens, as frequently happens in regard to mollusks, plants, marine in- vertebrates, fossil and other groups of objects. The total number of entries made by the curators of the several departments in the Museum catalogue books during the year is 23,442, as shown in the accompany- ing table:
Table showing the number of catalogue entries made during the year.
‘Total Departments. No. of
entries. Arts and Indusiries: Materia: Medica). 2. - --n- ..awec cannes cnnman nec nn wenn ener n ween aren cecee nner cccescanerss 433 Eee Ee ete ete eed aay mans me gh oneimcek hea fate nenecewcevadscdnwes 35 SRO Nee a ee et nt Bee en Ah vient wlece wbesessnwnhacpmanteaccnacpesers 78 Animal products ....--....--------.----- Fee Re Salts sie ac scans sine mn'ase map w.nin «<i> 22 323
Coins, medals, paper money, etc......--.----.--- ene e ee eee ee eee ee nee e cere cere neces
22 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
Table showing the number of catalogue of entries made during the year—Continued.
Total Departments. No. of entries. JOR Wye eon cond B65 ase aOOD en DUS SAO aaa CoDSoc UOCUndeSeHe cos EcHabuoSSASs ongesoSeemonoSebtase 721 IN irae eae he IEW MESA Soc conadgas sor coade S00 sen smo SDaU Lost obSS bono anoonasonceSccoees 634 PrehistoricvAMthropology = ce cne cece sates eee ela aee aires ee see meeenlae ieee ee eee rae eters 1, 400 GAH EB Sa OS geo CeOC EOC OES OS AGRA AROACOD ACE carrot Eon Sok A GoUMo paseuceswedabeadasenedad 635 ISTE seem noacHdogeroscec b ctewecewatiee sind Spmease teens cence ssaiec oceeeet eae e eee eRe Eee er 2, 971 IBILAS HOPS). seicie’o ice sisicis's = aisie sie leis aicielsinte- teisieieet-lno sine yews mele cisiecaslelere (eet nem er eeieeeraits 118 Reptiles and Batrachians..-..-..-- teanss Luvciste te ave odleme ges sOeccecsebemmmme ste e ates seameres 784 IGN OSs icaic a coves meedicie Seo ack wat cesioes tectemesinmecceace eet eee One eee eee eee ee ae eres 1, 476 OR) Dt) 6: Wee a ee ee a Se ee a Ome Sac aias <a AGG AARC ARABSEOOOEG 6, 323 INSECTS Se ec occ e cee eas eee Seales Se ree eee eee na inclse eect cist ee Reiser a nem ccen ere 78 Marinewinvertopratesi acmscccecelsee aemeeaee Be he See erie t dee Saree biee oeeee eeeenee 3, 214 Comparative AM ato my, se tctaeaai= caate ne eect sie esinicioinls sisters ele minte tele teiolaia laminas terse tetas nielatateIniaiate ieee 1, 054 Invertebrate Fossils: IPAlGO2Z01C aeons aie Seen Sete eae le Ses mcieina teen eecincclotnlcles ladle ele intelee stearate aos talaletateteetes artes 583 IMPOSOZOIG Se ois a apetereeicis ote wine ais ec lse oe ate sso mreeraimleriatetei tele ten eiale oes cele ears el aiae|= eines meteeenereeretars 178 UNG) SH) 2 BY AIS Seo comes GOTO OC CHOC or aaaaOsigadadn csoboonans aA esabcoGadocosdenbacadesdcoucbisdse 7 Recent Plantssoc.2.ccsnecs selec sence tos seco sia ceee see adaesectesiceseisise = ace ae eee neee Seeeeioe 24 Minerals ,si5205 ssoeccsccsceocaecees-csessay ok bamececmias toceceeeassuieecss ou peose ee er rear eee 631 fitholoryiand PhysicaliGeoloty ccc. sss osc se occas eee oe ee eine eee eee eet 1, 135 MetallinoyiandsHcononric Geary cases nem ae =e ee aie see ene ee alee 4132 Living Animals.........- ROIS OS Sa LEA OU Cnpaasicne OU GndnedoSehdcocomodaceconoaredodconcbosedsar 17 Fe Eee SABRES OC SOSA EO ABO esc Crs GOSeROBHE OE SO SOS OSSa cH oGemat naan coop adeaadon doanHs 23, 442
ARRANGEMENT OF COLLECTIONS AND ASSIGNMENT OF SPACE.
The development of the collection of objects illustrating the graphic arts has been so rapid that it has been found necessary to enlarge the limits of the space assigned for its display. In 1888 one-half of the northwest range was assigned to this collection. During the year it has been found necessary to devote the entire range to the Section of Graphic Arts, the casts of Mexican sculptures having been removed to the Smithsonian building. The east side of the northwest range is de- voted to the technical collection, and on the west side are shown the methods of drawing and painting and the historical collection of relief engravings, intaglio engravings, and lithographs. Mr. Koehler in his report discusses at some length the need of additional space, in view of the fact that the space now provided is not sufficient for the installa- tion of the material already on hand.
Mr. J. KE. Watkins, Curator of Transportation and Engineering. has re-arranged the collection under the following classes: (1) Objects and implements for burthen-bearing by man and animals; (2) Objects and implements of human and animal traction (street railway cars ex- cepted); (3) Originals, models, and drawings of stationary steam-engines; (4) Originals, models, and drawings of locomotives; (5) Models and drawings of passenger-freight cars ; (6) Originals, models, and drawings illustrating the development of the American rail and track; (7) Models, relics, and drawings showing the beginnings of the steam-boats and
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 3
development of marine steam engineering; (8) Maps, showing the be ginning and extension of the American railway system; (9) Electrical machine ; (10) Air-ships, ete. In view of the progress which has been made in solving problems that have arisen in connection with electrie propulsion, both on land and water, during the last few years, it would seem proper to begin to collect objects illustrating the early history of the devices which have gradually been developed into the motors, ete., now practically successful and in commercial use.
In February space was assigned to the Section of Oriental Antiqui- ties on the north side of the west hall, and Dr. Cyrus Adler, Assistant Curator, has commenced the installation of specimens.
In April a section devoted to forestry collections was organized. Dr. B. E. Fernow, chief of the forestry division in the Department of Agri- culture, has been appointed Honorary Curator. He has proposed the following classification for the exhibition series of specimens:
(1) Relation of forestry to other industries and conditions of life; (2) Description of the objects upon which forestry is to be applied, and of the raw material; (3) Methods of utilization and application; (4) Methods of production and management; (5) Bibliography. A few objects have already been placed on exhibition on a panel 12 feet by 14 feet. These are described in Dr. Fernow’s report. *
The materia medica collection is installed in the southeast range of the Museum, and occupies a floor space of about 1,600 square feet.
The collection comprises the following exhibits:
(1) Medicinal forms; to illustrate the forms in which medicinal sub- stances appear in commerce or are prepared for administration by the pharmacist.
(2) Officinal drugs. The crude medicinal articles, and their deriva- tives, authorized by the pharmacopeeias, including non-official varieties of official drugs; the whole arranged under the following heads:
Animal Products. Vegetable Products. Organic Chemical Prod- ucts. Inorganic Products. Mineral Waters and their constituents. Indigenous, or Domestic Drugs. Medicines of the North American Indians. Mexican Drugs. West Indian Drugs. South American Drugs. East Indian Drugs. Chinese, Japanese, and Corean Medi- cines.
In the Department of Ethnology has been organized a collection of charts, maps, lay figures, busts, portraits, and photographs, designed to illustrate the spread of various types of mankind. Professor Mason, the Curator of this department, has also prepared an ethnographical collection illustrating the arts and industries of the Koloshan, Haidan, and Tsimshian stocks of Indians, based upon the report of Ensign A. P. Niblack upon the Coast Indians of Alaska, published in the Museum report for 1888. Mr. Walter Hough, of this department, has brought
* Section 11,
24 * REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
together and arranged in the exhibition hall a series of the fire-making tools of most of the American aborigines. The Curator has extended his studies on the subject of human transportation.*
Mr. Thomas Wilson, Curator of Prehistoric Anthropology, has pro- posed a re-arrangement of the exhibition hall on the second floor of the Smithsonian building. His plans are set forth in his report.t
Mr. True, Curator of Mammals, has continued the work of arranging the hall under his charge. Groups of prairie dogs and opossums have been thus treated during the year. Several special cases have been constructed for this department. Some important changes in the ar- rangement of the exhibition series have been effected. These are ex- plained in detail in the report of the Curator.
The systematic arrangement of special bird exhibits has been accom- plished by Mr. Robert Ridgway, Curator. These are described at length
in his report.t The arrangement of the collection of skins is considered’
by Mr. Ridgway to be exceedingly unsatisfactory, on account of the lack of storage room. An apartment in the south tower has been as- signed to this department.
Capt. Charles E. Bendire, Curator of Birds’ Eggs, has continued the arrangement of the reserve series and also of the series of eggs of for- eign birds.
A thorough re-arrangement of the entire collection of reptiles and batrachians has been found necessary, aud Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, Curator, has already made a beginning with the reserve series of North
American species. Lack of proper accommodations necessarily ren-
ders any work of this kind slow and difficult.
The collection of fishes is very inadequately provided for. Dr. T. H. Bean, Curator, states that it has become necessary to place the jars containing the specimens on the floor, thereby putting them in
danger of being broken, and causing much extra labor and confusion. —
Mr. William H. Dall, Curator of Mollusks, has arranged for exhibi- tion the Lea collection of Unionide, and he hopes to be able to com- plete during the suinmer the arrangement of this magnificent collection of fresh water mussels. |
In the Department of Insects there has been unusual activity in the arrangement and preparation of collections for exhibition. Work upon a general exhibition collection to be permanently placed in the Museum has been carried on. An additional laboratory has been completed for the use of this department by the construction of a room over the Pub-
lic Comfort room. The arrangement of the reserve collection is pro-—
gressing. The re-arrangement of the Coleoptera has been continued, and the family Carabidie has been entirely re-arranged, occupying sixty- eight boxes in the reserve collection and eighteen double boxes in the duplicate series.
* See paper on this subject in the Museum report for 1887, p. 237. t See section II.
| | |
a
Se ve
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. . 25
Mr. Richard Rathbun, Curator of Marine Invertebrates, has care. fully examined the alcoholic collection, and has arranged in systematic order the crustaceans, worms, holothurians, ophiurans, crinoids, hy- droids, molluseoids, and sponges. It is his intention to bestow the Same care upon the other groups during next year. He has also found time to revise the collection of duplicate specimens. Mr. Rathbun re- ports the entire collection to be in an excellent state of preservation, and available for reference or study.
Definite plans for the formation of an exhibition series of anatomical preparations of soft parts of specimens have been prepared by Mr. True, Acting Curator of Comparative Anatomy. It has, however, been found necessary to postpone the execution of this plan until next year. The large wall case in the exhibition hall of this department has been enlarged by the addition of a wing extending toward the west. This has made possible an improvement in the arrangement of the mounted skeletons of Primates and Carnivores. The arrangement of the collec- tion of Vertebrate Fossils has occupied a considerable portion of the time of the Curator and of Mr. Lucas, Assistant Curator.
Mr. C. D. Walcott, Curator of Paleozoic Fossils, has, on account of his work as paleontologist of the Geological Survey, been unable to devote much time to the arrangement of the Museum collection. The space allotted to the exhibition series of this department is now nearly filled. The arrangement is, however, in a large measure provisional, and will require modification. Mr. R. R. Gurley has commenced the arrangement of the graptolites. Itis Mr. Walcott’s intention to arrange as soon as possible the large series of Lower and Middle Cambrian fossils which he has collected from Newfoundland.
Dr. C. A. White, Curator of Mesozoic Fossils, states that the collec- tions under his care are in better shape than they have ever been be- fore. Early in the year 1889 this department was furnished with ten glass top frames. These are now filled with specimens consisting chiefly of types of species, descriptions of which have been published in the reports of the U.S. Geological Survey.
The Herbarium is under the care of Dr. George Vasey, Botanist of the Department of Agriculture. He states in his report that the collection of herbarium specimens in the Department of Agriculture, forming a part of the National Herbarium, is exhibited in wall cases, occupying a space of about 85 running feet. This collection is mounted on 120,000 sheets. These are arranged according to orders, genera, and species, and are readily accessible. There are still a large quantity of specimens to be mounted and added to the collection, besides a great number of duplicates for distribution and exchange.
The collection of building and ornamental stones, as now installed, fills thirteen door screen cases, one wall case, two pyramids, and the tops of three table cases. The collections of rock and rock-forming minerals are arranged on one pier case and seven slope-top table-cases.
26 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
The systematic arrangement of the collections of dynamic and historical geology has not yet been commenced, owing to the lack of cases.
The entire southwest court is now reserved for the exhibition series of metals and ores. The space is still insufficient for the proper exhi- bition of the collection, and it has been found necessary to withdraw fully one-third of the specimens intended for exhibition, and divide them between the reserve and duplicate series.
The wooden structure adjoining the Smithsonian building on the south has become so overcrowded with specimens of living animals that numerous offers of additional specimens have necessarily been declined.
A room for tropical reptiles, quadrupeds, and other animals has been added.
The establishment of a National Zoological Park has been authorized by Congress, and the specimens now exhibited in this wooden shed will doubtless be removed to the park as soon as the necessary arrange- ments for their reception shall have been completed.
During the month of May the general storage room was removed from the Armory building, to make room for the offices of the U.S. Fish Commission, to the storage shed, west of the Armory building, and the storage separated into three sections.
D.—THE MUSEUM STAFF.
The staff of the National Museum includes two classes, scientific and administrative, the former consisting of curators, honorary curators, acting curators, assistant curators, assistants, aids; the latter consist- ing of chiefs of administrative departments, clerks, copyists, messen gers, and the superintendent of buildings, with the watchmen, mechanics, and laborers under his supervision.
THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF.
There are now thirty-four organized departments and sections under the care of curators. or acting curators, and assistant carators.
DIVISION OF ANTHROPOLOGY.
DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND INDUSTRIES: The Assistant Secretary acting as curator, with adjunct curatorships as follows: Grapuic Arts: 8. R. Koehler, Acting Curator. TEXTILE INDUSTRIES: Romyn Hitchcock, Acting Curator. TRANSPORTATION AND ENGINEERING: J. Elfreth Watkins, Curator. HistoricaL CoLtiections: A. Howard Clark, Curator. Materia Mepica: Dr. J. M. Flint, U. 8S. Navy, Honorary Curator. FISHERIES: R. Edward Earll, Acting Curator. Foops: W. O. Atwater, Honorary Curator. ANIMAL Propucts: R. Edward Earll, Acting Curator. NAVAL ARCHITECTURE: J. W. Collins, U. S. Fish Commission, Honorary Curator. Forestry: B. E. Fernow, Chief of the Division of Forestry, Department of Agri- culture, Honorary Curator. DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY: Otis T. Mason, Curator; Walter Hough, Aid. ,
— a.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. _ 27
SECTION OF ORIENTAL ANTIQUITIES: Paul Haupt, Johns Hopkins University, Honorary Curator; Cyrus Adler, Jobus Hopkins University, Assistant Curator. DEPARTMENT OF AMERICAN ABORIGINAL PoTrery: W. H. Holmes, Bureau of Eth- nology, Honorary Curator. DEPARTMENT OF PREHISTORIC ANTHROPOLOGY : Thomas Wilson, Curator.
DIVISION OF ZOOLOGY.
DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS: F. W. True, Curator. DEPARTMENT OF Birps: Robert Ridgway, Curator, DEPARTMENT OF Birps’ EGGs: Capt. Chas. E. Bendire, U.S. Army, Honorary Curator. ‘DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES AND BATRACHIANS: Leonhard Stejneger, Curator. DEPARTMENT OF FisHEs: Tarleton H. Bean, U. 8. Fish Commission, Honorary Cura- tor; Barton A. Bean, Aid. DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE Fossits: O. C. Marsh, U. 8. Geological Survey, Hon- orary Curator. DEPARTMENT OF MO.LLusks: W. H. Dall, U.S. Geological Survey, Honorary Cu- rator; R. E. C, Stearns, Adjunct Curator. DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS: C. V. Riley, Department of Agriculture, Honorary Cu- rator; Martin Linell, Aid. DEPARTMENT OF INVERTEBRATES: Richard Rathbun, U. S. Fish Commission, Hon- orary Curator. DEPARTMENT OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY: F, W. True, Acting Curator: F. A. Lucas, Assistant Curator. DEPARTMENT OF LIVING ANIMALS: William T. Hornaday, Curator. DEPARTMENT OF INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS: PaLeEozoic: C. D. Walcott, U. 8. Geological Survey, Honorary Curator. Mesozoic: C. A. White, U. 8. Geological Survey, Honorary Curator. Cenozoic: W. H. Dall, U. 8. Geological Survey, Honorary Curator.
DIVISION OF BOTANY.
DEPARTMENT OF FOSSIL PLANTS: Lester F. Ward, U.S. Geological Survey, Honorary Curator.
DEPARTMENTOF RECENT PLANTS: George Vasey, Botanist of the Department of Agriculture, Honorary Curator.
DIVISION OF GEOLOGY.
DEPARTMENT OF MINERALS: F. W. Clarke, U. 8S. Geological Survey, Honorary Cu- rator; William 8. Yeates, Assistant Curator.
DEPARTMENT OF LITHOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOLOGY: George P. Merrill, Curator.
DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY: Fred P. Dewey, Curator.
Of the curators and acting curators thirteen receive salaries from the Museum. Of the remainder, seven are officially connected with the U.S. Geological Survey, four with the Department of Agriculture, three with the U. S. Fish Commission, and one each with the U S. Army, U.S. Navy, and Bureau of Ethnology.
PERSONNEL OF THE SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS.
During the year a section of Forestry has been established, and with the consent of the Secretary of Agriculture, Dr. B. E. Fernow, chief of the Forestry Division of the Department of Agriculture has been appointed curator of the collection.
28 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
On April 5 Mr. L. O. Howard, of the Entomological Division of the Department of Agriculture, was appointed Acting Curator of insects during the absence of Professor Riley, Honorary Curator, in Europe.
Cn April 21 Mr. F. H. Knowlton, Assistant Curator of fossil plants, was furloughed for one year without pay, in order to enable him to prosecute some special botanical work, and to serve upon the editorial staff of the Century Dictionary. Mr. Knowlton has, however, kindly offered to continue assisting in the care of the collections until an appointment has been made.
Dr. H. C. Yarrow, who for many years has served as Honorary >
Carator of the Department of Reptiles, resigned on February 9, and Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, Assistant Curator of birds, was on March 1 appointed Curator of the Department of Reptiles.
Dr. George Vasey, botanist of the Department of Agriculture, was appointed honorary Curator of botany in March, and in that capacity controls the botanical collections in the National Museum and in the Department of Agriculture forming the National Herbarium. Prof. Paul Haupt, Honorary Curator of the Section of Oriental Antiquities, has been designated representative of the Smithsonian Institution at the Eighth International Congress of Orientalists, to meet in Stockholm and Christiania from September 2 to 13. Prof. Otis T. Mason has been detailed to visit the principal ethnological museums in France, Ger- many, Denmark, and England for the purpose of making arrangements for exchange of specimens and incidentally of studying the methods of installation adopted in them. Mr. Thomas Wilson will also visit the principal archeological museums in France for similar purposes, and will attend the meetings of the International Anthropological Congress.
Mr. J. B. Smith, Assistant Curator of the Department of Insects, resigned in April to accept a professorship in Rutger’s College, New Brunswick, New Jersey, and the position of entomologist of the State Agricultural Experiment Station, and Mr. Martin Linell has been appointed aid in this Department.
THE ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF.
The administrative affairs of the Museum are under the direct charge of the Assistant Secretary. The arrangement of the administrative of- fices is as follows:
Department of accounts, W. V. Cox, chief clerk.
Department of correspondence and reports, R. I. Geare, executive clerk. Department of registry and storage, 8S. C. Brown, registrar.
Department of property and supplies, J. Elfreth Watkins, engineer of property. Department of publications, A. Howard Clark, editor of Proceedings and Bulletin.
The care of the buildings, the supervision of the mechanics, watchmen, laborers, and cleaners, and many related matters, are under the charge of Mr. Henry Horan, superintendent of buildings. Mr. C. A. Steuart is assistant superintendent.
The preparation and mounting of specimens for the exhibition series consumes the time of several skilled employés. Casts of specimens have often to be made, when
~~ ee
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 29
~
the original objects can not be retained in the Museum. Protographs of objects not infrequently supply the place of the object itself in the exhibition cases. The work incidental to such preparation is now of great importance and a department or prep- aration has been formed as here indicated :
Department of preparation: Taxidermists, W. T. Hornaday in charge, Joseph Pal- mer, William Palmer, Henry Marshall, George Marshall, A. J. Forney. Osteologist, F. A. Lucas. Photographer, T. W. Smillie. Draughtsmen, W. H. Chandlee and W. H. Burger. Modeler, J. W. Hendley. General preparators, E. H, Hawley and T. W. Sweeny.
Statements of the work accomplished in these departments during the ‘year are given further on in this report.
CLASSIFID SERVICE OF THE MUSEUM.
In response to a resolution* of the Senate asking for a schedule of the classified service of the officers and employes of the National Museum, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution addressed the following letter to the Hon. John J. Ingalls, president pro tempore of the Senate, transmitting a schedule which, upon very careful consideration, seemed to represent the actual needs of the service.
*U.S. SENATE, October 9, 1888.
THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * * *
Mr. WILSON, of Iowa. Lofter the following resolution, and ask for its present consid- eration :
Resolved, That the Regents and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and Di- rector of the United States National Museum be, and hereby are, directed to formulate and transmit to the Senate at their earliest convenience, a schedule of classified sery- ice of the officers and employés of the National Museum, arranged according to duty and salary, as the same is required for the proper working of the Museum.
Mr. Hoar. From what committee does that come ?
Mr. WILSON, of Iowa. From none. It is a resolution that I introduced in order to get the information,
Mr. Hoar. I should like to inquire for information—I have no doubt it is all right —have we authority to impose directions on the Regents of the Smithsonian Institu- tion and the Director of the National Museum?
Mr. WILSON, of Iowa. The resolution relates mainly to the National Museum, which, I suppose, we have a right to call upon for information. It might be different as to the Smithsonian Institution, but as the resolution relates to the Museum, I presume we have that authority. There is no reason why we should not have it.
Mr. Hoar. We have authority to give such directions to the heads of Departments, which rests on unbroken usage from the beginning of the Government, but I am not aware that one House of Congress has aright to order an executive officer of the Goy- ernment to do anything for its convenience, especially that we have such control over the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. It may be there is such authority re- served by statute. I shall not interpose an objection to the resolution, because I know personally the officers referred to would be anxious to communicate the information, and it is the desire of the Senator from Iowa,
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. If there be no objection to the present consideration of the resolution, the question is on agreeing to the same.
The resolution was agreed to.
30 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, March 2, 1889.
Sie: In response to the Senate resolution asking for “a schedule of the classified service of the officers and employés of the National Mu- seum,” I have the honor to transmit the accompanying schedule, which represents the present actual necessities of the service.
The service for the fiscal year of 188788 was reported upon in a let- ter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, dated December 1, 1888 (H. R. Mis. Doc. No. 55, Fiftieth Congress, second session).
In this the aggregate expenditures for service were shown to have been $122,750.47, of which sum $97,493.32 was paid from the appro- priation for preservation of collections, $19,203.79 from that for furni- ture and fixtures, and $6,053.36 fiom that for heating, lighting, and electrical and telephonic service.
A schedule of the number of persons employed in the various depart- ments of the Museum was also given in this letter (pages 4, 9, 11). This schedule should, however, be regarded only as an approximate one, since many of the employés were actually engaged only a part of the year, and others were temporarily transferred to the pay-rolls of the Cincinnati Exhibition and were engaged in special work in connec- tion with that exhibition.
It is estimated that the aggregate expenditures for services for the present fiscal year (1888—’89) will be $129,710, of which amount $103,000 will be paid from the appropriation for preservation of collections, $20,000 from that for furniture and fixtures, and $5,710 from that for heating, lighting, and electrical and telephone service.
In the schedule herewith transmitted it is shown that for the proper working of the Museum the amount required for services would be as follows:
Hor salaries Ofscienititichassishanus = see conser ee soir aeiiee | ee eee $56, 300. 00 HMorcleriGal forces : 322)s\isjesuisis sieve ncte a olecwle os ene a ee lnieie cine aie = sare neers 36, 920. 00 For services in preparing, mounting, and installing the collections.---..- 22, 060. 00 For services in policing, caring tor, and cleaning the buildings..---..... 36,740.00 For services in repairing buildings, cases, and objects in the collections... 14, 163.50
For salaries and wages in designing, making, and inspecting cases and other appliances for the exhibition and safe-keeping of the collections. 18, 337.50 For services in connection with the heating, lighting, and electrical and
telephonic service ..----.---..-.---.---- -2-+ +--+ ++ 2-22 ee 2-2 eee eee 6, 620. 00
For services of miscellaneous employés, ineluding draughtsmen, messen- EI Wdasace copa da cons co Soe po QGae Lon ess Unoo booed GagSaanooNss esas 7, 980. 00 INCA oo56 66dea5 Seed S000 0a66 sabSSS Hodosssnceae hooSS8 soon So agssoeeC 199, 121. 00
The increase in the total expenditure, as indicated, is due partly to the addition of a number of officers to the scientific staff, and also to the necessity for a few additional clerks, and a considerable number of watchmen, laborers, cleaners, and messengers, whose services are essen- tial to the safety of the collections, as well as to provide for the clean- liness and proper care of the buildings and for the comfort of visitors.
The rates of pay indicated are in most cases considerably lower than are customarily allowed for a similar service in the Executive Depart- ments.
In the schedule now presented, expenditure for services only is taken into consideration.
No attempt has been made to present the needs of the Museum in regard to the purchase or collecting of specimens, the purchase of gen- eral supplies, preservatives, materials for mounting and installing col-
i
ay ee
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. a1
lections, books, exhibition cases, furniture, fuel and gas, the main- tenance of the heating and lighting appliances, freight and cartage, traveling expenses of collectors and agents, ete.
Vor these various purposes the expenditure in the last fiscal year amounted to $45,249.53, and that for the present fiscal year will, it is estimated, amount to about $48,000, a sum very inadequate to the needs of the service.
It does not include the expenditures for printing the labels and blanks, and proceedings and bulletins of the Museum, for which the appropri- ation for many years past has been $10,000, and for which I have asked $15,000 for the coming fiscal vear.
I must not omit to call your attention to the fact that owing to the peculiar constitution of the Museum as a scientific establishment, it has hitherto been possible to secure a special economy, owing to the fact that its officers and employés are not scheduled as in the Executive De- partments.
In thus presenting, in obedience to the request of the Senate, a schedule of a durable organization of the service, I wish to remark, emphatically, that there are pressing needs in other directions—needs that merit the serious consideration of Congress, in order that the National Museum may be enabled to maintain a satisfactory position in comparison with those of Huropean nations.
I have the honor to be, your most obedient servant, S. P. LANGLEY, Secretary. Hon. JOHN J. INGALLS, President pro tempore of the Senate.
\
a2 REPORT OF NATIONAL’ MUSEUM, 1889.
Schedule of the classified service of the officers and employés of the United States National Museum, arranged according to duty and salary, as required for the proper working of
the Museum.
Designation.
Cempensa- tion.
Scientific staff.
Secretary Smithsonian Institution, director ex officio ....-..-.-..--------++++------e0e--- Assistant secretary Smithsonian Institution, in charge of National Museum..-..--..--- Curator and executive officer Five curators, at $2,400 Tie) ub Ssh HUBS P ANN) so ocps conobe cedmoopgocor ceconadrncogHasaoSecsoos dassopeckdboon sos Four assistant curators, at $1,600 Four assistant curators, at $1,400 Four aids, at $1,200 Six aids, at $1,000 Special service by contract ... 2-5... on. ence eee nes sone
Clerical staff.
(Hine OB aabgocsensasosncoocaboeg dodunpescoconsecened douasooaoSnsocsascdEasdsogcedsecar Four chiefs of divisions: Correspondence; transportation, storage, and record ; publica-
tions and labels; installation; at $2,000 One disbursing clerk* One clerk of class 4 Two clerks of class 3 Three clerks of class 2 HO MrelerksiOMCLASS ili ccc misriceieisise = eeeioee eee eee eee eater ee aie aca woe tee eevee Four copyists, at $900 Four copyists, at $720 Six copyists, at $600 Sino Rafe) Clay ORS Ee Ne ag gaqodnadoo sasN6d 5900 se 59200005 snon esos dss seagsoqsuacdSs ssesceu os
IPNOGO SLA PEN = [2 <jeiaape aa alata a oie ain als ain miel winnie oma mim fe mln) wlu wl mlm = lnlm (ope lateml ml mle etl alla Assistant photographer Artist Chief taxidermist One taxidermist Two taxidermists, at $1,000 Two taxidermists, at $720 One modeler One modeler Ome wen eral Upc Ara O Le areata ae mem atl lea aa
(Ohana regepe opel TUE) ORNS A Son Sah pacar wesogeae asa pose anudeaoognobossspecugoe sae sebescoorse Special servize by contract
Buildings and tabor.
One superintendent ofspulldings )...-sesss.neee asec eet eae see oddedegpsccasaoss Two assistant superintendents, at $1,000........--..--.-.--- Gepadadnanoucconcosotaaness Four watchmen, at $780 Twenty-four watchmen and door-keepers, at $600 Twelve laborers, at $480
Three attendants, at $480 Ten attendants and cleaners, at $360 Special service of laborers and cleaners to be paid by the hour
$4, 000. 00 3, 000. 00 12, 000. 60 10, 500. 00 6, 400. 00 5, 6C0. 00 4, 800. 00 6, 000. 00 4, 000. 00
56, 300. 00
2, 200. 00
8, 000. 00 1, 200. 00 1, 800. 00 3, 200. 00 4, 200. 00 4, 800. 00 3, 600. 00 2, 880. 00 3, 600, 00
36, 920.00
2, 000. 00 1, 000. 1, 320. 2, 000. 1, 500. 2, 000. 1, 440. 2, 000, 1, 200.
a, O00:
900. 5, 500. 00
22, 060. 00
00
1, 620. 00 2, 000. 00 3, 120. 00 14, 400. 00 5, 760. 00 1, 440. 00 3, 600. 00 4, 800. 00
36, 740. 00
* This officer receives pay also from the Smithsonian Institution for similar services.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 33
Schedule of the classified service of the officers and employés, ete.—Continued.
Designation. Compensa- tion. Mechanics (repairing buildings, cases, and objects in the collections).
RaApMBt- MAKEN abiha, DUBPCL GAY 2esecceee= sncein ate t ceisicis sing nisiats ainieeeeine Sep 5 a's saints sec ces 1, 085. 50 TU dirt eee, Ore el Gre GES AS =n Goo Sone BROCE CST SA 05> CNS SSRI O OOO OSBEO SS DeOSao roe. 1, 565. 00 (UGG PEATE TRAE POG ENE 6 Sa eRe cot ae SOIC SDC SOO ICOOS CSE CR OCDE Reha dob SURED E a eEs ae 626. 00 ONSetOne- ONiLer ANON AsON, Al papel Gaye ceases selon seaclee wc scia ess emlisclacinetsie'e << oa (cise o> 626. 00 SEGnigileananorens ati ge700) PO Ck Vie amet alam nian anita miele aim cine aie dela aim mimo cleinniclanl> aaeaise 4, 695. 00 SieasculGuslaNOLeErspab pa Pol Uae =m aces Once aele aoe eice ane et nurwernmecccemeao see sisces 3, 7A6. 00 SUPA R GIA CN LP COUT Se Re Bop boonoconcoue coDdod SoEEEOOOds sop Cceooeecccoossases 1, 800. 00 14, 163. 50 3 Furniture and fixtures. aes LOSE ST OPE CEE hf oC hasan s conn OSU SoS EE SpE DEP Se Censor RCS Ee CHOP ER Se San COS bECOre Seen 2, 000. 00 MOPTNCSTAO I WIS Gitta aren reas aie mie mw atin wletn etm aiminml cies miami =m\n l= =| vimvielmiwivic meiuiel=/= mime micintwininiai=nic mala = == 900. 00 UNG GS RAR A ghc4e noddebEss hg 365 aS Sao Det ehe be toc CHOCO MOSS CeCe nh SUcune ect osecobC Mech nora 7 720. 00 PNG COBYAS bee seae dine ea aia eae ale aon einlolnimin wine tela ww mies mielslatvinleielmiaiialaln =/sin' =) ainienisieiin sae sis 5 600. 00 (TEG DACA ioc sec nod Seeded Sane ec noo Se andossonecose sossase0s50055 Sons eSaossasesassnssen 480. 00 Six carpenters and cabinet-makers, at $3. .......-----.---- 2-2-2 2-222 en nee nnn cee scenes 5, 634. 00 BRTRR EN PANTIEOLS AU oie nla oc argt ot aiaain mala felatml aims onl isimn wil stn slum sol einioim an) siswinicjaim'nc)=\=ie pen o> 1, 978. 00 TOES EG UA Sen GRE THE? H A Baebes GaSe cricecr BcOCertor touce Hobe OR GSe Bose redo or proces ase 1, 565. 00 Two skilled laborers, at $2.....- wtdcsacucaccastes csc sececmc Ace onisieae meee elem cacincele sc 1, 252. 00 SENREELADOLOLSS ait Sle OU mee earls aot ar miaeiremee ea cis Seine ciate ee cialctsee rates sees ee simee 1, 408. 50 SYNE OIEL oye 1D. COW Eh ooce see done poanpo cdo Sco csene sooo seososen csgsedocoseesosssees: 1, 800. 00 18, 337. 50 Heating, lighting, and electrical service. i Oi ONION OM ose ca weie Oa ola cians a ei ete ele elatn/lel=iaim =J~id niniclawenieiv.- wie - t.oe'sinwnemecn=en/elee=imn'veceni'e 1, 400. 00 One aASIsLAan ON CIN Cela tee eels naan amiec eae oe sivioiwn oie els oie cieieisieie'es <i= sm saonooooseHsco: 900. 00 SURE TPCN YS UU OMe ete eae ep le len aia ew a ein elnleiere win ie min. o wisiaiclelelnic\sic «imine == 'miniclaiwaimmotel=imine 3, 600. 00 Thy NG GS Joab soe cc beacéoo cad soe6o pad Chega SOON SSO TERRE Ceneeacispepcucconaaoosec 720. 00 6, 620. 00
Miscellaneous.
AO URE Se pas ES ioe ESE Cron os teen er eee en cece ne cen n ne eceee canna enaceecesccre rcs ceeece 1, 200. 00 One drauphtsman.< <= - 2... ne ono a we ence concen nnn anna ewn nese nce n nc eeesnecens 1, 200. 00 Two draughtsmen, at $600 ....... es Pe ay Ma Me oe eee alate satel a/clgies alee | 1, 200. 00 Two messengers, at $600.-..-...-2.---- 2-2 - enn ee een en meee ne eee eee entree: 1, 200. 00 DGINIOSBONE Olesen Se es a ene eS e a ecle arcs tele s vein wnieh ammnininigsnciee~enncnnass | 540. 00 Two messengers, at $480 . ..-. 2-2 ee ne cece we nnn ne pen en wenn n sce seeescnsencne: 960. 00 Two messengers, at $360 -.--------- o-oo eee cere tence ween cen commen cee e cece ennees | 720. 00 Four messengers, at $240... ..- 2-2. noone cece ne cee een een ese cnc en amen ners cecseccescnnns- 960. 00
7,980. 00
The rapid growth of the Museum renders a more definite classification of its employés and in some instances larger salaries desirable, and it is hoped that this schedule, or one similar in its general features, will be ultimately accepted by Congress. There are, however, so many other considerations for which money is needed, as for instance the purchase of specimens, that it seems doubtful whether it is wise to bring this matter yet to a final issue.
H. Mis. 224 3
34 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
E.—REVIEW OF WORK IN THE SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS.
Department of Ethnology.—Prof. O. T. Mason, Curator, mentions in his report nine collections, received during the year, as being of more than usual value. He has paid much attention during the year to the formation of several special exhibits, by which it is intended to bring before the eye of the visitor at a glance the entire collection from a defi- nite locality, or to explain, within as limited a range as possible, a given art or industry of a particular tribe of Indians. This plan is in continuation of the method of installation of the Eskimo collection by Lieut. T. Dix Bolles in 1886. The subjects of fire making, heating, and lighting have been carefully studied by Mr. Walter Hough.
Special attention has also been paid to the study of transportation on the backs of men and women, to aboriginal hide dressing, to aboriginal cradles, and to the evolution of common tools, the knife, the hammer, the saw, ete. To interest the boys who visit the Museum a series of “‘jack-knives” has been arranged for public inspection, and the interest which such a case excites is Shown by the gifts made constantly to the series.
In the latter part of the year the Curator commenced to collect for public reference a card catalogue of the resources of anthropology, to serve as a reference to the resources of the science, so that a special student, a lecturer, or a college professor can be put at once into com- munication with the chief sources of information.
Several exchanges of specimens have been effected during the year with other museums, notably the Peabody Museum at Cambridge, The Cincinnati Art Museum, and with Dr. Gosse, of Geneva, Switzerland, with the Royal Ethnological Museum in Berlin, and with Mr. Edward Lovett, of Croydon, England. The accessions of the year in this depart- ment were from sixty localities, and eight hundred and sixty specimens were received. The catalogue entries during the year were seven hun- dred and twenty-one in number.
Section of Oriental Antiquities—Dr. Cyrus Adler, Assistant Curator, has devised an excellent plan for making copies of the smaller Assyro- Babylonian objects preserved in this country. These consist, for the most part, of seals, and are of much importance in the study of the his- tory of Assyro-Babylonian religion and art. The primary object of the establishment of this section in the Museum was to collect copies of these seals and specimens of similar import. The history, archeology, languages, arts and religions of the peoples of Western Asia and Egypt are included in the scope of the section.
In common with several other departments in the Museum, this sec- tion was called upon to prepare an exhibit for the Cincinnati Exhibi- tion. ‘This work occupied several weeks, and a report upon the exhibit has been prepared by Dr. Adler and will be published in a future re-
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 35
port... Prof. Paul Haupt, Honorary Curator, has secured from the Royal Museum of Berlin and the British Museum several valuable casts of Assyrian and Egyptian objects. Labels have been prepared for the Assyro-Babylonian seals, and also for the Assyrian photographs from the British Museum, the Bonfils photographs, and the Assyrian and Egyptian objects from the Royal Museum of Berlin. . Dr. C. John-
son, jr., of the Johns Hopkins University, has made an examination of an interesting Persian astrolabe, and has presented a paper entitled “The Chaldean Astronomy.”
it may not be improper in this connection, to call attention to the proposed edition of the “ Life and Writings of Edward Hincks,” by the Semitic Seminary of the Johns Hopkins University. _ In July the Smith- sonian Institution consented to make the Institution a depository for papers and manuscripts sent to this country to further the prosecution of the work. Prof. F. Max Miiller, of the University of Oxford, under date of September 27, forwarded manuscript letters of Dr. Hineks in his possession; and under date of October 20 he kindly offered to per- manently deposit these letters in the Smithsonian Institution.
Section of Transportation and Engineering.—W ork in this section has been seriously interrupted by the necessarf absence of the Curator, Mr. J. E. Watkins, at the Cincinnati Exposition, where a collection of objects was exhibited illustrating the development of the various systems of transportation. The exhibit was arranged in seven series, and is fully described in a special paper prepared by Mr. Watkins for publication in a future report.
- Among the important accessions during the year may be specially noticed the following objects: A Japanese kago (or palanquin), ob- tained through Mr. Hieromich Shugio, made of wood, beautifully lac- quered and elaborately ornamented ; and a model of a Japanese jin- rikisha. Several interesting relics have been received, as, for instance, the bell of the locomotive ‘‘ Rahway,” cast in 1838, and a section of the first heavy iron rail rolled in America, presented to the Museum by the Baltimore and Ohio Railway Company. A number of valuable draw- ings, illustrating the development of marine steam engineering, have been added to the collection.
A re-arrangement of the exhibition series has been commenced, and is described in detail in the report of the Curator.
Section of Graphic Arts.—Mr. 8, R. Koehler, Curator, states in his re- port that his special aim is ‘‘to represent.art as an industry.” This may perhaps be more intelligibly rendered by the statement that art pro- ductions of all kinds, considered primarily from their technical side, are included in the scope of this section. The Section of Graphic Arts was organized in January, 1887, and, no report having yet been submitted by the Curator, the one now published in Section 11 of this report relates to the work accomplished since that date. The contributors of material to this collection number one hundred and six, some of whom had been
36 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
invited to assist the Curator in the preparation of a special exhibit for the Cincinnati Exposition. The catalogue of this section now contains 2,894 entries, of which 294 represent objects which were purchased for the collection, chiefly old prints, and such other material as could not be obtained by gift. On March 31, 1888, there had been made 936 entries in the catalogue. At this time the first arrangement of the collection in the Museum had just been completed.
The thanks of the National Museum are due esecially to Mr. Peter Moran, Messrs. L. Prang & Co., the Photo-Engraving Company, W. H. Whitcomb & Co., Mr. John Durand, and Mrs. Ednah D, Cheney for their generous co-operation and contributions.
Mr. Koehler has prepared a catalogue of the collection prepared for exhibition at the Cincinnati Exposition. A full list of the names of all who have contributed to the collection since this section was organized may be found in the report of the Curator.*
Department of Prehistoric Anthropology—The number of specimens added to the collection during the year has been 6,972, making a total number of 116,472 specimens in the collection. Mr. Thomas Wilson, Curator, states in his report that a great deal of his time has been con- sumed in examining and reporting upon objects sent for determination. The work of classifying and placing upon exhibition the specimens which were assigned to the exhibition series, has been rapidly pushed forward. <A re-arrangement of the anthropological collection, which is still exhibited in the large hall on the second floor of the Smithsonian building, has been commenced, and Mr, Wilson’s plan of re-arrangement is given in detail in his report.*
Fourteen of the collections received during the year have been con- sidered by Mr. Wilson sufficiently valuable to receive special notice. The contributions of the U.S. Fish Commission from Patagonia, Straits of Magellan, Lower California, and California, have been numerous and of great importance. These collections were made by the steamer Al- baross during the voyage from Virginia to California in 1887-1888.
Mr. Wilson has continued his researches in regard to the existence of paleolithic implements in the United States. There have been 14,000 entries made in the catalogue of the department. A special exhibit, intended to indicate the existence and geographic distribution of pre- historic man, as shown by the implements and objects which he manu- factured and used, was prepared by the Curator for the Cincinnati Exposition. This exhibit is described by Mr. Wilson in a paper which will be publisbed in a future report.
Section of Aboriginal Pottery.—Among the more important additions to this section may be mentioned a collection of pottery from a mound near Lake Apopka, Florida, made by Dr. Featherstonehaugh, and a collection from a mound near Perdido Bay, Alabama, made by Mr. F. H. Parsons.
* See Section II.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. oe
Mr. William H. Holmes, Honorary Curator, regards the latter col- lection as one of the most important yet received from the Gulf coast. Mr. Holmes has found time to make a study of the pottery of the Potomac tide-water region during the year, and has prepared a paper upon this subject, which will appear in the ‘American Anthropologist.”
The number of specimens added to the collection during the year is 1,100, necessitating 634 entries in the catalogue.
The Forestry Collection.—This section was established in April, 1889. Dr. B. E. Fernow, chief of the Forestry Division in the Department of Agriculture, has been appointed Honorary Curator. It has not been possible to accomplish very much during the three months of the existence of this section before the close of the fiscal year, but Dr. Fer- now has submitted a report,* in which he gives a brief outline of the scope of the collection which he hopes to make, and of the manner in which it may best be classified. A series of pictures illustrating the work of the French Forest Administration, and other objects, have already been placed on exhibition on a panel 14 by 12 feet. The Secre- tary of Agriculture has expressed his interest in the formation of this collection, and the Smithsonian Institution is greatly indebted to him for his co-operation in this branch of the Museum work.
Department of Mammals.—Special attention has been given in this department to providing better storage facilities for the study series of specimens, which has been largely increased by the collection of North American mammals deposited in the Museum by the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy in the Department of Agri- culture. Groups of prairie-dogs and opossums have been mounted for exhibition and placed in new cases of special design.
The tollowing contributors are mentioned in Mr. True’s report as having presented material of especial value to the collection: Mr. William Wittfield, who presented two specimens of the Florida musk- rat, Neofiber alleni; Mr. Loren W. Green, from whom was received a series of skins of the northern variety of Tamias striatus; Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, who presented 4 specimen of Hesperomys truei; Mr. James G. Swan, from whom was received a specimen of Vespertilio longicrus. Dr. Arthur Edwin Brown, of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, contributed a small deer, probably of the species Cariacus gymnotus. The skin of a full-grown moose was obtained by Col. Cecil Clay for the Museum. Several exotic mamwals were also secured by gift and pur- chase. Capt. J. L. Gaskell, keeper of the life-saving station at Atlantic City, forwarded to the Museum a specimen of Sowerby’s whale, Mesoplodon bidens. Mr. True states in his report that this is the second specimen ever taken in American waters, and is the first fresh specimen ever seen by American naturalists. A few South American mammals were obtained by the naturalists of the U.S. Fish Commis- sion steamer Albatross. The most important were the skeleton of a
en
*See Section 1.
38 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
porpoise, Prodelphinus longirostris, obtained between Panama and the Galapagos Islands, and several skins of the sea-lions inhabiting those islands. During the year there were added to the collection of skins 192 specimens, and to the alcoholic series 35 specimens. . The catalogue of the department has been increased by 633 entries.
A series representing all the existing families of mammals was pre- pared for exhibition at the Cincinnati Exposition, and a descriptive guide to the collection has been prepared for publication.
Department of Birds.—Mr. Robert Ridgway, Curator of this depart-’ ment, states in his report that the re-arrangement, labeling, and gen- eral improvement of the exhibition series has been actively contin- ued. Nine special exhibits of birds and eggs have been completed. —A considerable portion of the time of the Curator has been devoted to committee work in connection with the revision of the check-list of the American Ornithologist’s Union. Special investigations have also been made by the Curator, on the genera Psittacula, Aecipiter, Xiphocolaptes, and Sclerurus. -A large collection from Costa Rica has been studied, and also the extensive collection made by the naturalists of the Fish Commission steamer Albatross in Alaska and in various portions of South America. Dr. Siriaas Stejneger has continued his work on Japanese ornithology
Dr. J. A. Allen, of New York City, Dr. P. L. Sclater and Mr. Oxbert Salvin, of London, England, Count von Berlepsch, of Mtinden, Ger- many, and several other active workers, have received material from the Museum to aid them in their studies of particular groups of American birds.
In March Dr. Stejneger severed his relations with this department, having been appointed Curator of the Department of Reptiles and Ba- trachians. .
The accessions of the year number 1,490 specimens, of whivh 996 have been placed in the reserve series, 147 assigned to the duplicate series, while 347 specimens have been added to the exhibition collection.” There are now 6,714 specimens on exhibition. ’ Mr. Ridgway has nade special mention in his report of 47 of the more important accessions received during the year.
Section of Birds’ Eggs.—Capt. Charles E. Bendire, U.S. A., Hon. Cvrator, has continued the classification and arrangement of the new material, and has made considerable progress in re-labeling the reserve series of eggs in accordance with the revised check-list of the American Ornithologist’s Union. He has also arranged a series of foreign eggs, of which there are now 4,913 specimens. Six collections of more than usual value have been received during the year. There are now more than 50,000 specimens in the collection. In the catalogue book 118 entries have been made.
Department of Reptiles and Batrachians.—Dr. H. ©. Yarrow, U.S. A., who for several years has been in charge of this department,
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 39
having resigned, Dr. Leonhard Stejneger was in March appointed Cura- tor of the department. He has commenced making a complete exami- nation of the entire collection, and reports that at the close of the fiscal year he was still at work on the reserve series of North American spe- cies. The cataloguing of the new material and of specimens previously received but not catalogued, has been continued. The most important accession during the year was the collection made by the naturalists of the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. It contains three hun- dred and nineteen specimens, which have been sent to Prof. E. D. Cope, of Philadelphia, for special report. Four other accessions are mentioned in the Curator’s report as of especial interest.
The types of eight species have been identified and re-labeled. Dur- ing the year Professor Cope has finished his work on the North American Batrachians, published as Bulletin 34 of the U. S. National Museum, and has commenced a study of North American snakes. Dr. G. Baur, of Yale College, has had for study a number of Chelonians, and some of the results of his studies are referred to in the Bibliog- raphy.*
Dr. Stejneger reports that the condition of the collection is good, but that the re-numbering and re-labeling of specimens is constantly found to be necessary. During the year 741 specimens have been added to the collection, and 784 entries made in the catalogue. The excess of the latter over the former is accounted for by the fact that some of the material received before this fiscal year had not been catalogued.
The Curator has been unable to devote much time to scientific study of the collection during the few months he has been in charge. What little he has been able to do has been in connection with an investiga- tion of the status of the boiform snakes of North America, with special reference to individual variation.
Department of Fishes.—It has been necessary for Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, Honorary Curator of this department, to spend the greater part of the year on special work pertaining to the Fish Commission. Dr. Bean has recently taken charge of the editorial work of the Fish Com- mission, leaving very little time to be devoted to Museum matters. Dur- ing his absence from the city Mr. Barton A. Bean, his assistant, was left in charge of the department. The entire collection of fishes has been overhauled and the jars supplied with fresh alcohol. In addition to the large and valuable collections received from the U.S. Fish Com- mission, several other important collections have been added to the col- lection. Ten of these are especially referred to in the report of the Cu- rator.
During the last six months of the year Dr. Bean prepared and had published in various journals numerous papers upon the Salmonidw and other species of fishes. A list of these papers is given in the Bibliog- raphy.*
* See Section lv.
40 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
The number of specimens received during the year was about 6,000, and 1,476 catalogue entries have been made. There are now, according to Dr. Bean’s report, about 30,000 specimens in the exhibition series, 60,000 specimens in the reserve series, and 25,000duplicates. The Cu- rator calls attention in his report to the inadequacy of the case and storage room provided for the collection, and states that it has on this account become necessary to arrange the jars containing recent addi- tions upon the floor.
Department of Mollusks.—The labeling, determining, and registration of old and new material has occupied a large share of the time of Mr. William H. Dall, Honorary Curator, and his assistants. Seven cases, containing a part of the Lea collection of Unionida, have been arranged for exhibition. Much progress has been made in cleaning and assort- ing the fossils. Considerable time has been devoted to the arrange- ment of the collection representing the fauna of the southeastern shores of the United States and adjacent waters. A check-list of this fauna is now being printed. The collection contains about fifteen thousand specimens. Dr. R. E. C. Stearns, Adjunct Curator, has devoted a por- tion of his time to the land and fresh water shells, especially of North America. He has also pushed forward the revision and labeling of old material. The Curator has supplied information of various kinds to forty-three correspondents, necessitating a large amount of labor and correspondence.
Mr. Dall has found time to finish bis investigation of the Mollusca obtained by the United States steamer Blake under the supervision of Professor Agassiz in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and has continued work on the dredgings obtained by the U.S. Fish Com- mission in the same region, and also upon the collections obtained last year by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross during its voyage to California. He has also been occupied in anew systematic arrangement of the bivalve shells, and has studied the correlation of the tertiary fossils of the southeastern Atlantic coast with the recent fauna. Dr. Stearns has prepared for publication a paper on prehistoric shell money.
Next in importance to the accessions received from the Fish Commis- sion during the year is a collection consisting of about five thousand specimens of shells from all parts of the world. This was presented by Messrs. F. B. and J. D. McGuire on behalf of the heirs of the late J. C. McGuire, of Washington. A collection containing about three hundred species was received from the Auckland Museum, New Zealand. Inter- esting series of specimens have been received from Messrs. E. W. Webster and J. J. White. Small though valuable collections have been presented by Mr. Henry Hemphill and Lieut. J. F. Moser, U.S. Navy. Large collections of fossil shells have been received from the U.S. Geological Survey, and of almost equal importance is the coliec- tion from the fossiliferous deposits of Florida, presented by Mr. Joseph
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 41
Willcox. The entries in the catalogues of this department during the year are 6,323 in number. About 13,000 specimens have been received, giving a total of 468,000 specimens in the entire collection.
Department of Insects.—More time than in any previous year has been devoted by Dr. C. V. Riley, Honorary Curator of this department, to the preparation of collections for exhibition. A special series, designed rather for educational use than for museum purposes, was prepared for the Cincinnati Exposition. The installation of a permanent exhibition series has been commenced in the southeast range. In April Mr. J. B. Smith, Assistant Curator, resigned his position to accept a chair in Rutgers College, New Brunswick. During the Curator’s absence, from April to the close of the fiscal year, Mr. L. O. Howard, of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, took charge of the department, and the thanks of the Museum are due to him for his energetic administration of its affairs. Mr. Martin Linell has been appointed aid.
The work of naming specimens for collectors, the arrangement and selection of material to be sent to specialists for determination, the ar- rangement in permanent shape of the reserve series, and the preserva- tion of the general collection, have received as much attention as op- portunity would allow. =
Several researches of a special character upon Museum material have been made during the year. These are nine in number, and are re- ferred to in the report of the Curator.*
Twenty collections of more than ordinary interest have been received. About 8,000 specimens have been added to the collections during the year, and 78 catalogue entries have been made. The entire collection now contains, as estimated, 603,000 specimens. 3
Department of Marine Invertebrates.—Myr. Richard Rathbun, Honorary Curator, has been unable to devote much of his time during the year to the work of this department, owing to the pressing duties which have been placed upon him in connection with the work of the U.S. Fish Commission. The exhibition hall of this department, in the west end of the Smithsonian building, has been repaired and repainted, and is now open to visitors. The principal accessions have, as usual, been obtained from the Fish Commission, although these have been far less numerous than in any previous year, since the Fish Commission has lately retained its collections of marine animals with a view to their being studied and reported upon before being transferred to the Mu- seum. for this reason probably not more than three hundred speci- mens have been added tothe collection during the year. Interesting collections have been received from Lieut. J. F. Moser, U.S. Navy; Mr. Henry Hemplill; Dr. Lonis F. H. Birt, of the Nicaragua Canal Construction Company; Mr. Romyn Hitchcock, who presented a small collection of crustaceans and sponges from Japan, and from Mr, James G. Swan, of Port Townsend, Washington.
* See Section UU.
42 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
A collection of marine specimens was prepared and transmitted to the Cincinnati Exposition. It consisted mainly of large specimens, and also contained examples of fish food and many microscopical preparations. Upon its return from Cincinnati the more interesting portions of the exhibit were placed in the exhibition hall.
Mr. Rathbun has found it impracticable to devote very much time to original research, but has given a limited amount of study to the Madre- porarian corals, and particularly to those collected by the steamer Al- batross in the Gulf of Mexico and on the voyage from Norfolk to San Francisco.
Prof. A. E. Verrill and Prof. S. I. Smith have continued their work upon the invertebrate collections of the Fish Commission. Prof. Edwin Linton is making a special study of internal parasites of fishes. <Ar- rangements have been made with Prof. Walter Faxon to prepare a report upon the crayfishes added to the department since 1885, and Mr. J. Walter Fewkes has completed a paper on certain of the Medusz ob- tained by the Fish Commission steamer Albatross in the region of the Gulf Stream. Several of the groups of marine invertebrates obtained - by the Albatross during its voyage around South America have been assigned to specialists outside of Washington for study and report.
Nineteen sets of marine invertebrates have been distributed to schools and colleges during the year. Each set contained about one hundred and ten species, the greater part of which are preserved in alcohol.
Mr. Rathbun in his report briefly reviews the marine explorations of the steamers Albatross and Fish Hawk and of the schooner Grampus.
The number of catalogue entries has been 3,214.
Department of Comparative Anatomy.—Mx. F. W. True, Acting Curator of this department, reports that his activities have been principally directed towards reducing the accumulations of osteological material. A large number of skulls and skeletons have been cleaned and made available for use. The skulls of about five hundred specimens of small animals, deposited by the Department of Agriculture, have also been prepared. Mr. F. A. Lucas, Assistant Curator, has been occupied in the arrangement of the collection of vertebrate fossils, and in mount- ing a cast of the skeleton of Dinoceras, received from the Yale College Museum. Mr. Lueas also had charge of the preparation for shipment of the collection of mammals for exhibition at the Cincinnati Expo- sition.
The preparation of a, card catalogue of alcoholic birds has been com- menced, and is well advanced, and a large amount of work has been done in classifying and caring for this valuable portion of the collec- tion.
Some work has been done in the preparation of specimens of soft anatomy and of the invertebrate material. The preparation and ar- rangement of the vertebrate fossils have also received some attention.
The principal accessions during the year were of mammals and birds.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 43
No attempt has yet been made to acquire invertebrate specimens for this department. The most important addition to the exhibition series of skeletons was an Atlantic Right whale, Balena biscayensis. This ° was purchased from Prof. H. A. Ward, of Rochester, N. Y. A skele- ton of Sowerby’s whale, Mesoplodon bidens, was prepared from the speci- men obtained from Capt. J. L. Gaskell, keeper of the life-saving station at Atlantic City. The U.S. Fish Commission furnished skins of dol- phins, a skeleton of the Fork-tailed gull, Creagus /wreatus, and a collee- tion of birds and Elephant tortoises from the Galapagos Islands and the Straits of Magellan. An alcoholic collection of typical New Zealand birds was obtained from the Auckland Museum, and a similar eollee- tion of Australian birds was obtained from the Australian Museum at Sydney. In all 195 specimens have been added to the collection dur- ing the year, The number of catalogue entries during the same period has been 1,054... The excess of this number over the total number of specimens received is accounted for by the large amount of work ac. complished upon accumulations of osteological material from past years.
Department of Paleozoic Fossils.—By far the larger portion of the accessions to this department has been obtained through the U.S. Geological Survey. Mr. C. D. Walcott, Honorary Curator, has. con- tributed to the Museum collections, through his official connection with the Geological Survey, a large series of Lower Middle Cambrian fossils from Newfoundland. He reports that the Lower Cambrian genera and species have been worked over and named, and that a large quantity of new material has been added to the collection. | Krom Newfoundland alone not less than 3,000 specimens have been transferred to the Museum during the year. Mr. Walcott in his report makes special mention of nine accessions. The material in the collection has been increased during the year by the addition of 6,477 specimens. The number of catalogue entries during the same period was 583.
Department of Mesozoic Fossils.—The official duties of Dr. C. A. White, Honorary Curator, in connection with the Geological Survey, has pre- vented him from devoting more than a small share of time te work upon the Museum collection. A great deal has, however, been accomplished, and the collection of Mesozoic Fossils is now in far better condition than it has ever been before. Numerous type specimens of species which have been published in various Government reports, have been installed and are now on exhibition in the south-east court. ‘The principal acces- sions during the year have, as usual, been obtained through the U. 5. Geological Survey. In addition, type specimens of twelve species of cretaceous fossils were transmitted to the Museum by President D. 5. Jordan, of Indiana State University. from the Fish Commission has been received an interesting collection of cretaceous fossils from the Straits of Magellan. _ Altogether, 311 specimens have been added to the collection during the year, and 117 entries have been made in the cata- logue.
44 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
Department of Botany.—Dr George Vasey, of the Department of Ag- riculture, has been appointed Honorary Curator of this department, and in that capacity has control of the collections both in the Department of Agriculture and in the National Museum. A brief statement of the early history of these collections, and of the resulting conditions which led to this combination of the two collections, is given on pp. 19 and 20. By this union of interests in the development of the National Her- barium, a great many good results will undoubtedly be effected.
There are already in the Department of Agriculture arranged on shelves, in wall cases, occupying altogether a wall space of about 85 running feet, not less than 120,000 sheets of botanical specimens. The general catalogue of the combined herbarium has not yet been made.
The Department of Agriculture has employed for a part of the year three agents to collect botanical specimens and information respecting the vegetation of little known regions. One of these agents has oper- ated in western Texas, one in California (southern and lower), and one in Washington. From these agents we have received a large quantity of botanical specimens.
Among the additions to the herbarium received during the year through the Smithsonian Institution, have been a collection of plants from South America and Alaska, made by officers of the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Several packages containing plants and pertified wood were collected by Lieut. Pond in Lower California and the adjacent islands. A valuable collection of four hundred species of Japanese plants has been received from the Tokyo Educational Mu- seum. Five collections of duplicate specimens have been distributed to foreign herbaria. The number of specimens received during the year has been estimated at 459.
Fossil plants.—Prof. Lester F. Ward, Honorary Curator, has been able to devote but little time to the work of the department, owing to the pressure of his duties as paleontologist of the Geological Survey, but as far as his time permitted he has been engaged in the study of the fossil plants of the Laramie group. He is preparing a monograph of the flora of this group, and hopes to complete it before very long.
During the field season, between July and the latter part of October, Prof. F. H. Knowlton, Assistant Curator, visited the Yellowstone Park, where he made a collection of fossil plants and fossil woods which filled twenty-one boxes. After his return to Washington the boxes were opened, and the assortment of the collections was begun. Considera- ble time was spent in the study of this material, as well as upcn the material obtained during the previous season from the same region.
Professor Lesquereux, of Columbus, Ohio, has completed the identifi- cation and elaboration of the large collection of fossil plants belonging to the National Museum, and collected by Capt. Charles E. Bendire in John Day Valley, Oregon. The material is very interesting, and con- tains many new species.
is -—-
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 45
On account of the pressing nature of Professor Ward’s duties in con- nection with the Geological Survey, he has not been able to prepare a report for this year, and this brief statement is therefore submitted in lieu of a formal report in Section It.
Department of Minerals.—The growth of the collection during the year has, through the energetic administration of its Curator, Prof. I’. W. Clarke, been very satisfactory. The two most important accessions were received from the U. S. Geological Survey. These collections were made by Prof. 8. F. Penfield and by Dr. W. F. Hillebrand, who visited Colorado and the adjacent States and Territories for the purpose of making mineralogical investigations and collections. <A series of specimens of wood opal, collected by Dr. A. C. Peale in Montana, has also been contributed by the Geological Survey. Professor Clarke in his report* makes mention of eleven accessions as of especial interest.
It is to be deeply regretted that Mr. Joseph Willcox has found it necessary to withdraw his collection of minerals from the Museum, where it had been deposited for more than four years. Mr. Willcox had offered to sell this collection to the Museum for an exceedingly modest sum, but this offer could not be entertained, the Museum having no fund for the purchase of specimens, and thus the Museum has sus- tained an irreparable loss.
A series of specimens, illustrating the gems and precious stones of North America, was prepared for exhibition at the Cincinnati Exposi- tion.
During the year 5,794 specimens were added to the collection, and 631 entries were made in the catalogue.
Department of Lithology and Physical Geology.—There has been un- usual activity in the work of this department during the year. The Curator, Mr. George P. Merrill, has visited certain localities in North Carolina, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Maine, for the purpose of collecting specimens. These expeditions have resulted very advantageously to the Museum. Among the new mate- rial received sixteen collections have been selected as worthy of special mention in the report of the curator.*
One of the objects of the expeditions already alluded to was for the purpose of collecting material for distribution to educational establish ments. It has been quite impossible to fill the numerous applications for lithological specimens from museums, colleges, and schools throughout the country. Mr. Merrill has succeeded in obtaining a very large quan- tity available for this purpose, and during the coming winter it is ex- pected that a sufficient number of sets of specimens can be prepared to fill the applications now on file. From material on hand at the begin- ning of the year covered by this report, twenty-two sets of minerals were prepared and distributed. The determination of material sent for examination and report has occupied no inconsiderable portion of the
"See Section II,
46 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
Curator’s time. During the year twenty-five “lots” of material have been forwarded for this purpose.
The collection of building and ornamental stones now fills thirteen door-sereen cases, one wall case, two large pyramids, and the tops of three table cases... The collections of rocks and rock-forming minerals are now as extensive as can be taken care of in the limited space at the command of this department. These collections now comprise about two thousand specimens. The collections of dynamic and _ historical geology have received important additions during the year, but no at- tempt has yet been made to arrange them systematically.. The total number of specimens received during the year has been 4,500, and 1,135 entries have been made in the eatalogue.
Department of Metallurgy and Economic Geology.—The Curator, Mr. F. P. Dewey, has devoted his time chiefly to the preparation and arrange: ment of the exhibition material, which is now installed in the south- west court.. During the year the Curator made a visit to Providence, R. L., for the purpose of examining a collection of petroleum specimens and related materials which had been prepared by Prof. S. F. Peckham in connection with his work for the Tenth Census. This collection num- bers three hundred and sixty specimens, and illustrates very fully the occurrence of crude petroleum in this country. Jt is in the Museum, and will be placed upon exhibition as soon as practicable. . Several valuable collections of ores have been added to the collection during the year, among which may be mentioned three series of foreign ores; one from the Australian Museum at Sidney, one from the Auckland Museum in New Zealand, and one forwarded by the Hon. Otto E. Rei- mer, United States consul at Santiago de Cuba.
During the year the Curator has made an examination of the produc- tion of pig-iron at the Muirkirk Furnace, near Washington, and nickel from Russel Springs, Kansas. This was undertaken at the request of the Hon. J. J. Ingalls.
The collection has been increased during the year by the addition of 664 specimens, and 413 catalogue entries have been made.
Department of Living Animals.—This department was organized in May, 1888, and Mr. William T. Hornaday, who has recently been ap- pointed Superintendent of the National Zoological Park, retains charge of the collection. Owing to the limited space available for exhibiting these specimens, consisting of a wooden shed adjoining the Smithsonian building on the south, it has become necessary to decline several offers of valuable contributions to the collection. Mr. Hornaday has prepared, during the year, an exhaustive memoir relating to the discovery, life history, and extermination of the American Bison. Owing to the delay attending the printing of the Museum report, it was found possible to include this paper in the report for 1887, proof of which is now being received from the Printing Office. In order to emphasize the rapid ex- termination of this and several other animals indigenous to the United
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY, AZ
States, a large collection of objects illustrating this subject was pre- pared for the Cincinnati Exposition. Amongst the animals which have become extinct were shown the buffalo, the Californian sea-elephant, and the West Indian seal. In the series of species which are likely to disappear very soon were the mountain sheep, mountain goat, elk, ante- lopes, moose. caribou, black-tail deer, beaver, otter, sea-otter, walrus, and grizzly bear. f
Among the most important accessions received during the year were three specimens of the American elk. presented by the Hon. W. F. Cody; a young Gray wolf, presented by Mr. C. A. Dole, of Glendiva, Montana; a collection of living tortoises from the Galapagos Islands, collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross; and four Angora goats, received from Misses Grace and Mande Parsons. Of especial interest is a young Rocky Mountain sheep, Ovis montana, for- warded to the Museum by Mr. George Bird Grinnell, editor of ‘ Forest and Stream.”
Special cages have been constructed on the reservation south of the Smithsonian building for the grizzly bear, puma, aud the eagles. A buffalo-yard has also been completed on the same reservation, and from it sections have been cut off to afford protection for the deer, mountain sheep, and other animals.
In addition to Mr. Hornaday’s other duties he has retained the super- vision of the taxidermic work of the Museum. There are now 491 speci- mens in the collection of living animals, represented by 341 entries on the catalogue of the department.
F.—REVIEW OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE WORK.
PROGRESS OF GENERAL AND INCIDENTAL WORK.
LIBRARY.
Mr. John Murdoch, librarian, has furnished the following state- ment of the operations of the library during the year:
The total number of publications added to the library during the year is 6,052 (648 volumes of more than 100 pages, 903 pamphlets, 4,343
parts of regular serials, and 158 charts). Of these, 441 volumes, 617
pamphlets, and 3,752 parts of serials were retained for the use of the Museum from the accessions of the Smithsonian Institution.
The remainder were obtained as usual by gift, exchange, and pur- chase.
The most important accession to the library during the year was the gift of the heirs of the late Dr. Isaac Lea, of Philadelphia, consisting of 137 volumes, 276 parts and 693 pamphlets, selected from his scientific
48 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
library, and comprising many works of the greatest value. Another important accession is a nearly complete series of the ‘“‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.” This gift was received so late in the fiscal year that it has been impossible to enter and catalogue the books. When this can be done, most of them will be assigned to the sectional library of Mollusks.
Apart from the regular exchanges, the following donations to the library are also worthy of notice:
From Dr. Paul Haupt, Baltimore, 44 pamphlets on oriental subjects; from Prof. P. H. Carpenter, Eton College, England, 19 pamphlets, sci- entific papers by his distinguished father; from Mr. John Murdoch, Washington, 18 volumes, 2 pamphiets; from Prof. Alpheus Hyatt, Boston, 12 pamphlets.
During the year 7,583 books were borrowed trom the library.
Ninety-four persons are now authorized under the regulations to draw from the Museum library, and of these seventy-five are also au- thorized to obtain books from the library of Congress through the Mu- seum library. During the year 245 orders were sent to the library of Congress.
The method of keeping the records of loans and returns of books, re- ferred to in a previous report, has been used throughout the year with complete satisfaction.
The card-catalogue by authors has been continued, and 1,442 titles have been added to it during the year.
Through the kindness of the librarian of Congress, an order was ob- tained for binding 300 volumes of the books belonging to the Smith- sonian deposit in the Museum library. These books were therefore sent to the Government bindery on June 20, 1889.
The work of covering and arranging the large collection of pamphlets has been continued, whenever the pressure of routine work would allow.
No material change has been made in the force employed in the library since the last report.
SECTIONAL LIBRARIES.
The regular inspection of the sectional libraries by the librarian was begun May 22 and completed June 7. Since the last report, the name of the section of archeology has been changed to Prehistoric Anthropology, and a new sectional library, that of Oriental Archzol- ogy, in charge of Dr. Cyrus Adler, Assistant Curator of the Section of Oriental Antiquities, has been established. The Assistant Secretary has commenced the organization of his sectional library, that of Admin- istration.
The following is the result of the inspection:
Administration.—(In process of organization.) Inspected May 28, Contained 30 volumes and 1 pamphlet.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 49
Birds.—Inspected May 23. Contains 480 volumes, 22 pamphlets, and 203 parts of serials. These are mostly in good condition, although the large volumes are necessarily exposed to dust for want of suitable eases. At least two additional standard book-cases with locks are required in this department.
Insects.—Inspected June 7, 1889. Contains 295 volumes, 169 pam- phlets, and 538 parts of serials in excellent order, and suitably pro- tected.
Editor, Smithsonian Institution.—Inspected May 7, 1889. Contains 809 volumes, 34 pamphlets, and 619 parts of serials, all in good order.
Ethnology.—Inspected May 31, 1889. Contains 55 volumes, 16 pam- phlets, 225 parts of serials and 1 chart, all in good order.
Fishes.—Inspected May 23, 1889. Contains 78 volumes, 6 pamphlets, and 24 parts of serials, all in good order and suitably protected.
LTithology and Physical Geology.—Inspected June 3, 1889. Contains 184 volumes, 175 pamphlets, and 162 parts of serials and 5 charts, in good order and suitably protected.
Mammals.—Inspected June 6, 1889. Contains 183 volumes and 276 pamphlets, in good order.
Marine Invertebrates.—Inspected May 22, 1889. Oontains 76 volumes, 41 pamphlets and 185charts, all in good order and suitably protected.
Materia Medica.—Inspected May 29, 1889. Contains 202 volumes, 4 pamphlets and 181 parts of serials, all in good order.
Mesozoic Fossils.—Inspected June 25, 1889. Contains 34 volumes, 11 pamphlets, and 3 charts of serials, in good order.
Metallurgy and Economic Geology.—Inspected June 4, 1889. Con- tains 276 volumes, 139 pamphlets, 177 parts of serials and 1 chart, in excellent order.
Mineralogy.—(a) Inspected June 7, 1889. Contains 157 volumes, 9 pamphlets, and 511 parts of serials, all in good order.
Mineralogy.—(b) Inspected June 3, 1889. Contains 61 volumes, 50 pamphlets, 3 parts of serials and 1 chart, all in good order.
Mollusks and Cenozoic Fossils.—Inspected May 24, 1889. Contains 66 volumes, 9 pamphlets and 46 parts of serials, all in good order.
Oriental Archewology.—Inspected May 28,1889. Contains 131 volumes, 66 pamphlets and 99 parts of serials, all in good order.
Plants, recent and fossil.—Inspected June 5, 1889. Contains 236 vol- umes, 224 pamphlets and 645 parts, in fair order.
Prehistoric Anthropology.—Inspected May 25, 1859. Contains 55 vol- umes, 13 pamphlets and 55 parts, in fair order, in addition to the Rau Memorial Library, which is still only partially catalogued.
Textiles and Foods.—The officer in charge of this department having returned to duty, the library is in process of reorganization. It was inspected June 7, 1889, and at that date contained 22 volumes and 11 pamphlets in good order.
H. Mis. 224, pt. 2——4
AO REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF DUPLICATES.
The total number of boxes, packages, barrels, tanks, ete., received during the year is 16,625, of which 2,182 contained specimens for the Museum, the remainder being distributed to the Smithsonian Institu- tion and the other persons addressed.
The registrar, Mr. 8. C. Brown, has continued to act as transportation clerk for the Smithsonian Institution, and this has entailed a consider- able addition to the routine work of his office.
During the fiscal year 261 packages were entered upon the storage records, and 205 packages were removed from storage and turned over to the curators for study, and to aid in making up sets for distribution.
Forty-eight boxes of duplicate and reserve material have been sent to general storage, and 57 specimens were sent out in exchange.
During the month of May the general storage room was removed from the ‘Old Armory” building to the storage shed west of the Armory building, and the storage separated into three sections.
First. General storage, which is now confined to the large shed proper, and is used for the storage of Museum specimens only.
Second. The south track of what is known as the “car shed” has been set aside for the accommodation of specimens collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Ethnology. All such specimens are entered in the Museum storage record, but are kept by themselves for convenience in handling.
Third. A new shed, “8 by 18 feet, has been erected west of the old one. The south end of it, 10 by 18 feet, is reserved for the department of Lithology and Physical Geology, for the storage of its duplicate ma- terial; the remainder of the new shed (78 by 18 feet) has been assigned to the property division of the Museum, for the storage of cases, draw- ers, ete.
The total number of packages sent out during the year is 2,552, of which 1,302 contained Museum material, transmitted as gifts or loans, or in exchange.
The Museum has continued to lend photographs of exhibition cases to all who have made -formal application, and to send sample trays and boxes and copies of labels to applicants.
The distribution of specimens for the year, from the several depart- ments of the Museum, is shown in the appended table.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 51
| No. of
Department, spec-
imens. Ethnology - --- .-. <2. -- 2220 - in = ee ww re wee eee ne wan on ee ee eee eee neens 268 American prehistoric pottery. .----.----- SCORES IS ESE SISO RE OCS SES SUG ERE RE AE AP aE ete See 32 OSA ENN RON? 26 Sons 4 ope Stier AHS aes SAS obs Og SSS Bee Oe Se UnEOE CO Amp aae 833 POA So on ee ooo an ae i we en ae nn nine ne nes ve emeenecenaicnes 42 Birds mla'mie, = ee eS yy eC Ce Gee iin Solent aa ates oho Same wie’ caleclelou cmeweece | 996 Birds’ OF 28 - . ~~ ~~ <2 woo oo ee ww ee aw ewe ate inns eee ne ne nee cnet aeeees 3 MPS UPB eset ce Reon toe cant towetat Saas alscdoisicosaaa swe sella le'ata Seletcce , Aa SSO ee ee 47 DTT ace Ce ocréesoooscstocanceckeonds to 7 .cbe Star Re ses coB SpE Soo aS HSS hocaSBesecHneoEreor | 39 VARS DETTE RUE os Gos oa aco kincics he minceminc sca mine Sue mcctee cscs sscecsecect. ccs Eee ee eae oe 369 ES yee ee caine sivas clas ra siaieie aia worm imin attic "ima. cin (ala /nlatajcralelere. cletelot nm ware nclaiacre el 197 ToT mu DE) EG) oS SES SOSCEOBS SSE SCORES BE SSechecteSsodsesestassoceeerneesses stecese | 2, 072 PIGErLODEALG TOSSIIS.c-- coo Seacen ate soucce wacamacsocecceuces Eee ONS SRN EEE 8 2k ke | 598 Housil and Tecent Plans 2.-— a. a5 <= --nm a3 mee eens wenn onan odeehine Cease ASS Soe dae OSrooboc | 2,945 MINCTAIS so-2-r sae eee=- oo === -= Salta eles wieteiw/ ae es e ina la nem mmiam <iee So eels = ain einem mn elelaale oo 2, 370 LaMad ay cy enn (ny CICA GED Oa eer cae Sone Secon OCS ODOCO EEC OCO ESSE COE SSeS E SEH OBE OnE s BEASane 804 2 PT TRY node on Soe coteac laser HOO SOSb oh 506s BS BSDGOs GOS BCA SEA SBOBEES es sspboseecesereseeoos | 58 NGO OT APNGIANGIOTAW INES! acti tec eos waa dek eee teem aansics dea tesece dee sobeuwcacceees 79 F otal mmmber OL SpSCinend SONt OUE= = 22222 o- on as ese tel risacen since cece ew ecceccmencus Tie 382
Duplicate sets* of marine objects have been sent out, as in the past, in response to applications received from museums and educational in- stitutions.
The distribution for the year was as follows:
Specimens.
Lo GOMES CINSHbUbIONS 22525) 2225 ese selnc cmieeices SPitP aac 5, oll FROMOLEISN NSM UUGIONSSso2 eh js mein omer, =a) oeih so tin a dontsosiees ci 5, 871 ANG) IC) oe ae moe ee SH er eet eigen See ie See 11, 382
This number added to the total number of specimens sent out from 1854 to June 30, 1888, which was 564,090, gives the grand total of 575,472 specimens distributed by the Smithsonian Institution up to June 30, 1889.
In addition to the regular sets of duplicates five special collections were also sent out.
Thirty-four applications for duplicate specimens other than marine invertebrates have been received during the year and entered upon the register. A majority of these have been favorably acted upon.
Mr. George P. Merrill has collected a large amount of material, which, together with duplicate specimens in the Museum, will be cut up and made into sets for distribution to educational establishments. Prof. F. W. Clarke has for a similar purpose made large collections of minerals. ,
Kight hundred specimens of minerals were sent out to over twenty establishments, and sixteen sets of duplicates were distributed to col- leges and schools.
*Series tv. Each set in this series contains 108 species. Six universities, five colleges, live schools,
and one. society have each received a set during the year. A list of these is given in the report of the Curator of marine invertebrates. (Section II.)
52 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
It is probable that during the next fiscal year sets of bird-skins will also be prepared for distribution.
From the duplicate collections of the department of botany, distribu- tions have been made to the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Peters- burg, Russia; the Herbarium of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, France; the Herbarium of the British Museum, London, England; the Royal Herbarium, Kew, England; and the Botanic Garden, Natal, South Africa.
Several special requests for material for study have been complied with. Among these were unmounted prints of photographs of the Charnay casts for the Bureau of Ethnology; pieces of the vertebral col- umns of Chimera and Gymnotus for Prof. John A. Ryder; ethnological material for the Cincinnati Museum Association ; cast of jade adze for Mr. Kunz; a loan of bird skeletons for Dr. J. L. Wortman, of the Army Medical Museum, to aid in the preparation of a monograph upon the anatomy ot the fish hawk; two enlarged negatives and prints of the Red River Dam views for Commodore J.G. Walker, chief of the bureau of navigation, Navy Department; a collection of fishes for the College — of the City of New York; skull of Flat Head Indian for Prof. E. de Bois Reymond, director of the Physiological Institute in Berlin.*
EXCHANGES.
The Museum has, as in past years, continued the exchange of dupli- cate specimens with museums, scientific establishments, and individ- uals at home and abroad. The domestic exchanges are indicated in the accession list (section Vv).
A classified statement of foreign exchanges is here presented.
Ethnology.—The Royal Ethnological Museum at Berlin, Germany, sent a series of casts of Egyptian and Assyrian antiquities. <A list of these casts is given in the List of Accessions. The Museum of St. Germain, Paris, France, sent a collection of bronze implements (molds) in exchange for spears, plummets, and sinkers. The Musée @Ethnologie of Geneva, Switzerland, sent in exchange, through Dr. H. J. Gosse, director, one hundred and twenty-seven specimens of pottery, bronzes, etc., from various localities in the Swiss lakes. ‘Thirty-two ethnological specimens were sent to the Musée d’Ethnologie, Geneva, Switzerland, in exchange for a fine collection of pottery, bronzes, ete. Exchanges have been continued with Mr. Edward Lovett, of Croydon, England.
Prehistoric anthropology.—A collection of archxological specimens was sent to L. Guesde, Guadeloupe, in exchange for a collection of birds. A collection of thirty-four archeological specimens was sent to William Ranson, Fairfield, Hitchin, En gland ; 3 and similar material was received
“ This skull was OMtained ae ie Foun Ss. B ainee, curator of the Army Medical Museum, from the banks of Willamette River, Orc ean near its junction with the Clackamas. :
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 53
in exchange. <A collection of sixty-nine archeological specimens was sent to Signor Joseph Belucci, Perugia, Ombria, Italy. A collection of one hundred and four arch:eological specimens was sent to Prof. Henry H. Giglioli, Museum of Zoology, Florence, Italy. A collection of fifteen archeological specimens was sent to Louis Guesde, Pointe a Pitre, Guadeloupe, West Indies, and a collection of similar material was re- ceived in exchange. A collection of forty-nine archeological specimens was sent to Gustav Marty, Toulouse, France.
Mammals.—Skeletons of bisons and skulls of sea-lion and fur-seal were sent to Prof. T. F. Cheeseman, curator of the Auckland Museum, New Zealand, in exchange for a collection of birds, shells, minerals, rocks, andores. A sea-lion and two fur-seals were sent to the Zoological Mu- seum of the Royal University, Christiania, Norway, in part exchange for a Killer whale (Orca gladiator). The British Museum sent three casts of Meiolaus from Lord Howe Island, England, in exchange for a skull of an American bison.
Birds.—From the Royal Zoological Museum, Florence, Italy, was re- ceived, in exchange, a collection of birds, fishes, reptiles, and mammals. Twenty-four bird-skins were received from Herr von Tschusi zu Schmid- hoffen, of Salzburg, Austria.
Fishes.—An exchange of fishes has been made with the Australian Museum atSydney. The Zoological Museum of Copenhagen, Denmark, sent sixty-seven specimens of fishes from northern seas. The Otago University Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand, sent in exchange a valuable collection of New Zealand fishes, containing forty-one species.
Mollusks.—A valuable collection of North European mussels and alge was received from Dr. Rasch and C. Jensen, of Copenhagen, Denmark. A large collection of shells, three hundred and seventy-one specimens, was sent to the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa, in ex- change.
Insects.—Specimens of Heteroptera were received from A. lL. Mon- tandon, Bucharest, Roumania.
Botany.—An exceedingly valuable collection of New Zealand woods was received from the Canterbury Museum, New Zealand, through F. W. Hutton, acting director. The Museum sent to Dr. Rasch, Copen- hagen, and ©. Jensen two hundred and fifty herbarium specimens. A collection of ferns from the Hawaiian Islands was received from G. W. Lichtenthaler, Bloomington, Ill, in exchange for ferns from Costa Rica. <A collection of plants has been sent to the Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, and similar material has been received in exchange. A collection of plants has been sent to the Herbarium of the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, France. A collection of plants has been sent to the Herbarium of the British Museum, London, England. A collection of plants has been sent to the Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, England, and similar material has been received in exchange. A collec- tion of plants has been sent to the Botanic Garden, Natal, South Africa,
.
54 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
Minerals. —The Imperial Roy. Natural History Museum, Vienna, sent in exchange three meteorites, through Dr. Aristides Brezina. Sixty-two specimens of miscellaneous minerals and forty-three speci- mens of miscellaneous rocks were sent to B. Sturtz, Bonn, Prussia, in exchange for rocks.
Geology.—An interesting and vaiuable series of meteorites and erup- tive rocks of Brazil, comprising two hundred and sixty-nine specimens, was received from Prof. O. A. Derby, of Rio de Janeiro. in exchange for a series of rocks. A collection comprising about one hundred and eighty specimens of modern and antique marbles from Europe and Africa was received in exchange from the Museum of Natural History at Paris. A series consisting of one hundred and sixteen dressed speci- mens of building and ornamental stones and one hundred and two specimens of rocks, ores, and minerals, was sent to Dr. Aristides Brezina of the Imperial Royal Museum at Vienna, Austria, and a collection of one hundred and seventeen specimens of building stones was received in exchange. A series of one hundred and one specimens of building stones, many of them cut and polished, and a collection of eruptive and sedimentary rocks was sent to M. Meunier, of the Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. The National Museum of Brazil, at Rio de Janeiro, through Prof. O. A. Derby, sent a collection of Brazilian rocks and a meteorite, and one hundred and thirty-one specimens of American rocks sent in exchange. Rocks and minerals were sent to R. N. Worth, Plymouth, England, in exchange for serpentine rock. Five specimens of American rocks were sent to M. A. Lacroix, Paris, France.
A collection comprising sixty-four specimens of typical rocks and ores was sent to Rev. G. E. Post, Beirut, Syria.
PUBLICATIONS.
The publications of the National Museum consist of four series:
(1) The ANNUAL REPORT, submitted to the Secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution, and by him transmitted to Congress as a part of the report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.
From 1850 to 1866 and from 1881 to 1883 the series was printed as an appendix to the report of the Secretary.
From 1867 to 1873 no report was published, except in passing refer- ence in the Secretary’s report on the Administrative work of the year.
From 1874 to 1877 the report of the Assistant Secretary on the Mu- seum was quoted in the Secretary’s report, and from 1878 to 1880it was incorporated in the report of the Secretary.
Since 1884 the report on the Museum has been printed as a separate volume, constituting Part 11 of the report of the Smithsonian Institu- tion, and the fifth volume of this series—that for 1887~88—is now being printed. Inthe appendix of this report are printed each year certain
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 55
papers illustrative of the work of the Museum and descriptive of its collections, selected with reference to their general interests, as being suited for publication in a large edition and calculated to excite interest in the work of the Museun.
An edition of 7,000 copies of the Smithsonian Report, Part 1 and Part 1, is placed in the hands of the Smithsonian Institution for dis- tribution.
(2) The BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.—This series was begun in 1875, and thirty-seven numbers have been printed, Bulletin 35 being now in the hands of the printer.* The aggregate number of pages is 9,939+4 616 plate pages, in all 10,555 pages, or 659; signatures. The number, character, and size of these bulletins is given in the accom- panying table.
Bulletins of the National Museum.t
No. Title. Author. 1 | Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia ..-..........- | Edward D. Cope. 2 | Contributions to the Natural History of Kerguelen Island...--..--. | J. H. Kidder, 3 | Contributions to the Natural History of Kerguelen Island.---.-...... Do. Aa BITds OL SOUtR WOStEIDNMOXICO 8 o- ce see cas teoucciccis ae ces[-eeccwne cia George N. Lawrence. 5 | Catalogue of the Fishes of the Bermudas................-..--..---- | G. Brown Goode. 6 | Classification of the Collection to Illustrate the Animal Resources | Do.
of the United States. 7 | Contributions to the Natural History of the Hawaiian and Fan- Thos. H. Streets. ning Islands and Lower California. 8 | Index to the Names which have been Applied to the Subdivisions | W. H. Dall. of the class Brachiopoda excluding the Rudistes previous to the
year 1877. 9 | Contributions to North American Ichthyology ....-.-.--...-.------ David 8. Jordan. TAU | adnclt Wage Aa SRST ORE SERCO EE AEN SHI a AM SES ISB Ee MSE i iain aaa Do. 11 | Bibliography of the Fishes of the Pacific Coast of the United States.) Theodore Gill. 12 | Contributions to North American Ichthyology.-.-..-.......--..----- David S. Jordan. 13 | The Flora of St. Croix and the Virgin Island..................-..-«: H.F. A. Eggers.
14 | Catalogue of the Collection to Illustrate the Animal Resources | G. Brown Goode. and the Fisheries of the United States. 15 | Contributions to the Natural History of Arctic America........-.. Ludwig Kumlien.
16 | Contributions to North American Ichthyology. -.........--.-------- Pe ae ae
ieoOn tue,Zoolopical Position of ‘Texas. -< so.56.55.0cccscccesc-ceecu se Edward D. Cope.
18 | Exhibit of the Fisheries and Fish Culture of the United States of | G. Brown Goode. America, at the International Fischerei-Ausstellung, Berlin, April 20, 1880.
PEN OMoNOAtOr: ZO0LO PIOUS. <- oc ss.-b ns cerecocedecsudccessatvsues ..--| Samuel H. Scudder. 20 | The Writings of American Zoologists .............. ee ctor sate as G. Brown Goode.* 21 | Nomenclature of North American Birds...................---«----- Robert Ridgway. 22 | Guide to the Flora of Washington and Vicinity.--.........-.-- .----| Lester F. Ward.
23 | Bibliography of the Publications of Isaac Lea, LL. D...-...--..--- | N. P. Scudder.
* At the close of the fiscal year covered by this report, Bulletin 33 was the latest issued. Nos. 34, 35,36,and 37 have since been published, and it seems proper to inelude them in this general statement of Museum publications.
t It may be found desirable to condense the series of bulletins into volumes, each containing three or four papers. Three such volumes haye already been published.
}
56 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
Bulletins of the National Museum.—Continued.
No. Title. Author. 24 | Check-list of North American Reptilia and Batracbia..........-.--- H. C. Yarrow. 25 | Contributions to the Natural History of the Bermudas .--......--. s4 Se ss 26) Avitanna Columbiana = 2. s2-ceocacenae cece ceane cee esee eee eeeee Coues and Prentiss.
27 | Catalogue of the Collections Exhibited by the United States of America at the Great International Fisheries Exhibition, Lon- don, 1883.
28) || -AgMannal of-American land Shellsissscsseere eens sass aeeeeeesee W.G. Binney.
29 | Results of Ornithological Explorations in the Commander Islands | Leonhard Stejneger. and Kamtschatka. 30 | Bibliography of publications Relating to the Collection of Fossil | John B. Marcon.
Invertebrates in the U.S. National Museum.
31 | The North American species of Syrphidac .--..--..--...--.----- ..-| S. W. Williston.
32 | Catalogue of Batrachians and Reptiles o Central America and | E. D. Cope. Mexico.
33 | Catalogue of Minerals Alphabetically Arranged..........---------. Thomas Egleston.
of | Batrachiaof North America 22.2.5 - cs. s-cnesseeen essa se sneicsiacesemae E. D. Cope.
35 | Catalogue of the Described Transformations of North America | Henry Edwards. Lepidoptera.
36 | A Review of the Species of Delphinidae ....-......---.------------- F. W. Trne.
37 | Marine Mollusks of the Southeast coast of the United States .-..-..| W.H. Dall.
The following bulletins were not published in the year covered by this report, but, having been issued before the report was in type, it is deemed desirable to include them in this statement:
Bulletin 34. The Batrachia of North America. By E. D. Cope.
Bulietin 35. Bibliographical Catalogue of the Described Transforma- tions of North American Lepidoptera. By Henry Edwards.
Bulletin 36, Contributions to the Natural History of the Cetaceans; a review of the Family Delphinide. By Frederick W. True.
Bulletin 37. A Preliminary Catalogue of the Shell-bearing Mollusks and Brachiopods of the Southeastern Coast of the United States. By Wilham Healey Dall.
The composition of these thirty-seven bulletins* is given in the fol- lowing tables:
*The following arrangement is suggested for the convenience of those who may wish to bind the bulletins into volumes:
Bulletin Nos. Bulletin Nos. VO cae ae se deeictesicrentae seine 1d -to: 10) Vs Voli WitscerSseeee seer eee sees 27 WWO) call eee eeislaotemac ee eaee sees 11 to d5, (Volt vases eteeeece tees eee 28, 29 Wola IT 22s seescce a sess es ce ee's 16: Volix) 52 See ee eer 30, 31, 32 Wil. TV SARS. cos wos sess, eoea woes 10,18 19" VOL, Kee 5. cee eee ae saci) = Ostodk Wioltivee sesh ceeee eae oe 20:21. 2993 . Voll. xi ieee soseieceniecen ess SON OMt
WLS \Aladibrosdced noobebnons today Ee
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 57
Composition of bulletins of the National Museum, Nos. 1 to 37.
| No. of Bulletin. [Date | Ante. | Text. | Inter. | Post. | arene Total. | Cuts. ee Maps. eee RRR } 1875 | (4) iP el Lat eS lel yap | P28 hy aS Pel ae Beaeescecaeeoes suas | 1875 | (10) ke eS (DP hee ae G2 ASS oslo eee ens| ween ease preter Neo. S34 | 1876 | (2 Papas: nap" Leer ste debig ES ADIN |e Sha || cea ene ye ee eee FOTO, PA cee ee BGs eeccenalee ace wel ae oh Ci PORE EES eset are NOM Sz one Be ties, Lo xe a| 1876 (2) CO eb gs Sire pene Bea lees CTA eed aap aS (ie es PR 1876 (12) si leek el be Alle Oi has hs PORN| ele Pees A MUN oe genes F245. DO kia Riad oe PTA Nese =F oro REAL Se aes hepa i Ae oe | ee 0 ag EE Te la tk yy da pe 88 | et Oi Paes Be Bl hoe I Be Sen Pans SY Aol eee Oe ae ie cr Reon [oo paseeaey (Lymnaea rg a eee oer eee [1 SEBS Saar Sale 1877 | (4) 1 Ti a Sa el i (90) PLY Te Nines ee ree aoe 1 A Ae ee 1882 | (4) Tele cae (i fed PARE Sit Gee eel EE es ea A (Ak ge Se a PS TB ones oe lr. “oerinessee iy het Bee oe rae Rng ae eee ee bees ho Te ae ee ae on EP 1279). (6) |e SS Y lhe te sae (Lyon tee: 140s) See See eee De ek ee PAE ee i oer es 1979) |er(1G) all weeeole| wasaacee (GQ) Alaaeee see ETH [eee suetiel Can aeeal Ease 1 pi ee ee eed C7 pea Be py Reaee ee (eS 1SDg|2e.t de|: Se Aes: jks Ae eee (BESBOR Perot) IP 1018 |e retest se aeect laws Se: TLE Slee eooaeeer lesaee non DY kA ee eee | 1880 (4) Ble 2e eee (Dy tee Fh beneenee ee sodees pceersso 1 ee ee ee 1880 | (16) | 263 ]........ (dis ets 280 |.-.---..|-----.-- |gaseererete i) Cae ee eee es 1882 | (22) FA Ds Mem ete a ace oe a ee ae 362 .....--- P |. ai DSS > Sie eee 1863 | (18) SUT eee ()) (4) CO) ae ae Th bx Dippesas Socss ses zs} 00) ee an ee 927 eaeee ee 5 Rare | Semone 04» PRU ceen leer ieceslo nance em a aha ee. fol ee gyal tse os: oA Pe ae |e ee 1 it eee 1885 (60) 278 pica ied eco ase $40). eee il eee Be ss 2. 1882 (6) 40) [bye (CW) hl See 956) (2852 o 4) sc oe eee a eee 1884 | (25) Bale one (1) (24) 4035 |Laen eee 49; | eeu oe 2 4 Re, CCS ae Sees AaB. even Mo tO 138 100 2 4 Dy (ae oe eae 1884 | (54) | 1,279] *(2) (Ga ie 1: 336 h eens BRIAN dha Ss SE So PciBap ale. kc rl Nese a au a roll as Gi ee pe eee SS a rere PBBSa) opt BED teen ceaae sees (32) 414 7 8 | 1 0 aS Eee 59 ae Sasi samen i etal eee es ch) a a eee ee eee, ae ree ees 1886 (32) pe eee (1) (48) Z6Br lisse sea Pleas ae ers 1h eee TN peeecces Meee em a hee a a, TN fe ea te ce {by es eee WASSOil oc. 22k LOB WA less sacar] secce see PANES lesa cee Mele nee ere oe eee eal Ss Meee, 25-24% sya epee ea G) | (7) | 698 120 SGyI2) eee rp ay stz24 2on=3 25 baB89 |e o4: 2. TT Giga e recess Fey (eee es eek -25, eee Pe Tile aS. See meee [S88 | pees iT eee ae (1) (94) OSGi lt. ace AMM eres oe Die ee «ewes 5 TSAO) ea DONG lesen (1) (148) STO oeeecse Tae We cae Ch sist SSIS 5 Sl Po a We E97 | * Table of statistics. t Abbreviations and errata.
2 As ie a! op ——
Year. No. of bulletins. | Pages. Year. No. of bulletins. | Pages. 1875... | 2 bulletins (1, 21).........--..-.. 170 || 1883... 2 bulletins (20, 26) .....--.++-++- | 538 1876....| 4 bulletins (3, 4, 5,6) ........-.- | 462 || 1884...| 2 bulletins (25, 27) ....-..---.+5- 1, 739 1877....| 4 bulletins (7, 8, 9,10)...........| | 528 || 1885...| 4 bulletins (23, 28, 29, 30) ....... 1, 616 Taeh Jel WUNetiiE (1). .ck scx castes oeees 238 | 1886...) 1 bulletin (31) .--..--.------+--- 368 Pees 3 WOletine (13.14) 15). oc =. c5ccee Gena aay l Dulletin (S2)icerc o. oleae -5-on- 98 PHR0 sous). 2 bulletins (17, 18): ..<-s~.0<.-<-- 366 | 1889...) 5 bulletins (33, 34, 35, 36, 37)....| 1, 704 1881....| 2 bulletins (21, 22)............-- 360 | RENE NESE feo oe “10, 555
1882....| 4 bulletins (11, 16, 19, 24)........ 1,770 1
D8 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
(3) The PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.—This series was begun in 1878 and the twelfth annual volume—that for 1889—is now being printed.*
In the first eleven volumes were printed seven hundred and sixty scientific papers in addition to thirty-four administrative papers printed from time to time in the appendix.
The total of pages in the first ten volumes, excluding the appendices, is 6,112, 410 of plates, or 6,522 pages, constituting 4063 signatures.
Of Vol. xt there have been printed 671 pages of text with 60 plates. The total number of pages when the volume is complete will be about 725+120 plate pages.
In the table here introduced is shown the number of pages, text fig- ures and plates, in Vols. 1 to x of the “ Proceedings.”
| | Appendix to volumes. No. poate, Ante. | Text. | Inter. pees. Total. Bea von fears Fi es eer | | Plates. |Figures| Pages. |
I | 1879 4 BAN Resodooa ease 524 16 540 | 5 Silgscccsenite seeeee II | 1880 4 499 4 1 508 | 20 Eytan Telcos. er ae TIT | 1881 6 BSO Mls see tee eet 596 | 4 (NW) aseeace Dike Perera sees TV | 1882 alt ey Gayl ee Ieaoces | 542 4 546 13 AI Sees Se 146 V | 1883 | 12 T0Sa|eeosae oe Ie ah eye clk 24 | 740 52 1D ea eee VI | 1884 | 8 AGL eeeeode 1 470 56| 526 6 14 4 68 VIL | 1885 | SPORE | ee Sere 1 600 Bul 608 eee | neeanee Ae 70 VII | 1886 | 8) 6701 ee dl 1 |) <egaelen 00 "pe rmasn|eecee ee 25 12 50 IX | 1887 | 8 | PAU eee ee Nimmo | eens je tee 5 Yad eda Da 2 X | 1888 | Si ey aca 1| 746 | 78 824 11 30u| Bee cee 34 | 74 | 6, 027 | 4 7) 6,112 | 410 | 6, 522 92 135 16 368
This series was established for the purpose of securing prompt publication of discoveries in the Museum, and in order to secure this, the printing has been done signature by signature as fast as matter was prepared, and a certain number of signatures have always been dis- tributed, as soon as published, to scientific institutions and special- ists, these being dated by stamp in the Smithsonian Institution. The number of signatures of each volume thus distributed has been in the neighborhood of two hundred.
This method of publication has seemed to be to some extent wasteful, and it is thought that good resuits may be secured by distributing a certain number of the advance copies in the form of authors’ extras; consequently, in making the requisition for the printing of Vol. xII the following assignment was made: Out of an edition of 1,200 copies, 100 to be delivered in signatures as fast as printed, and 300 in extras or re- prints, in paper covers, of which 50 are to be given to the authors and the remainder distributed to specialists, in the various departments to
ie Vol. Sa Aaa tw ane papers bE Vol. XII have oon Sao tened meoreen the end of ine fiscal and the calendar year.
REPORT O« ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 59
which the papers relate, who are not otherwise provided with the pnb- lication. The 800 remaining volumes to be bound and distributed in this form.
In special instances, where a given paper in the “ Proceedings” is believed to be of great general interest and to require a larger distribu- tion, it has been customary to print from one hundred to one thousand extra copies.
(4) The Museum CrrcuLaArs: Of these, forty-one have now been printed. The first thirty three numbers of the cirulars were included as appendices to the Proceedings. Circulars 34 and 35 were printed in the report of the Museum. Circular 56 was issued only as a separate and what should be No. 37 was printed without a number in Vol. x of the “ Proceedings” (page 701). It is believed that hereafter it will be more satisfactory to reprint them in the annual report of the Museum, since they are more of an administrative than of a scientific character. The object of printing them as appendices to the *‘ Proceedings” was to provide for the expense out of the fund for printing the “ Proceedings,” but since the printing fund is now more directly under the control of the Museum, it is quite practicable to print such editions as may be needed of these administrative papers, and instead of having them electrotyped, they can be reset when the time comes for printing them in the report—a method which is rather less expensive to the Museum than the former one.
Following is a list of circulars 1 to 41, with titles and number of pages in each:
No. Title. | ees aL laniotorranization andepnlations 8. 222t2-mede=ec dace. ces ce cdisde adsense icsoesacce=es|| 58 2)| Circular addressed to friends of the Museum ...--..---.0--- 22 -00-eecenscccnen--cccesne | 2 3 | Circular in reference to petroleum collections. ---------.-..-.2----------2 -<2ecs sons senees 2 4 Cireular concerning the department of insects: 2-22.28. 2 s-sc6- woe cee nce wooo see cenene | 1 we Hstablishinentiand: OfiCers 2< = -<c.ccjasais vomissa ce eee bicasls o.> see cen? Wap aastotete fer steal naa 2 6 | Classification and arrangement of the materia medica collections ...-.........---------- 2 7 A classification of the forms in which drugs and medicines appear and are administered | 7 & | Memoranda for collectors of drugs for the materia medica section of the National Museum. 2 9 | Circular in reference to the building-stone collection. ............-..--..------e--ee eens: 6 10 | Two letters on the work of the National Museum...-..-...-.2 222-22 eee ne--e ene ese enon | 10 11 | A professional classification of the food collections .....................--..------------- 22 12 | Classification of the collection to illustrate the art of taxidermy -...........---.--.------ 2 Pe Ouuuine of sv scheme of Musenm classification <0-2 .) ioc. lecc ei ccc ere te pce ceecactecvinn 4 14} Circular requesting material for. the library...-.. 0.22.2... 2: 22. cccn ccc me neces ceevec-sneee| 3 15 | The organization and objects of the National Museum..................--------222--eeeee S POMEElans tor Lie mataliatiom Of COlSCHONS]7 <6 — ous e sce man fan sac aw ceca s occ ctaecceccessccs 2 17 | Contributions and their acknowledgements ....-..--. 1.20.2... 2-2-2 eee cence cece eee nes 1 18 | List of publications of the United States National Museum .-....-...............2..-22--. 12
19 Classification of the materia medica collection of the U.S. National Museum and eata-
GS eieee ls SPOON OMS Meee ates 6 ciclo De ome eer sete aie ees aaa e wae onion caine evens ac usisince seca 45 20 Request for specimens of drugs and information concerning them .........-...-....-..--. 1 21 | Cireular relative to contributions of aboriginal antiquities to the U.S. National Museum. 5 22 | Brief directions for removing and preserving the skins of mammals...........-....-..--. 7
26
40
41
| +Catalogue of the contributions of the section of graphic arts to the Ohio Valley Cen-
REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
Title.
Instructions for taking paper molds of inscriptions in stone, wood, bronze, etc..--..----- Plan of a collection to illustrate the textile industries of the United States, to be exhib- ited at the World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 1884-85 at New Or- MT CR Sore cease soonest anon noid anqoh acne eae CUSe a ndoe ous crd bemasecusado~maecqsseces Preliminary plan for a collection of the building and ornamental stones and rocks of the United States, to be exhibited at the World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Expo- sition, 1884-85 at New Orleans Plan for a collection of the gems and precious stones of the United States, to be exhib- ited at the Cincinnati Industrial Exposition and the World’s Industrial and Cotton | Centennial Exposition, 1884-’85 at New Orleans. .--.-..-......-.---2--..-+.2-2----.--s-
Directions for collecting and preserving and transporting tortricids and other small MOS Hoe sae see aie sare oes eset e Seettat = akeleiate seiawe c622)5.55 e6 aeamiee = = Cae Ose hae eee eae Direchions forsMOUNGleXpPLOLAb] OM eee eee rate ete lalate ete rela tate ae Provisional plan for a collection of mammals to be exhibited at the World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition of 1884—’85 at New Orleans .....-..........--.-..---. } A list of birds the eggs of which are wanted to complete the series in the National | Museum, with instructions for collecting eggs .-- 2-5. =. 22-22-65 sense eee se ees cee cee ese | Plan to illustrate the mineral resources of the United States and their utilization, at the W orld’s Industriai and Cotton Centennial Exposition of 1884—'85 at New Orleans. ..-.--- Classification of the materia medica collection of the U.S. National Museum, and cata- logue of specimens. ..-..--.-------------------+---+--2+--- +--+ +++ ---2 eee ee eee eee Notesionithe preparation Of (SOLO LOTS mates = meee ete eae ane ee eee ae eee | Circular for the guidance of persons desiring to make exchanges of birds or birds’ eggs WalN (NOONE RH OONL AHR bi CoS SoS omsecpeasceneassoSsasess esos SS AAR OE Tae Ne *Concerning the lending of type specimens. ..------------- ------.--------..------------- |
tennial Exposition, Cincinnati, 868 27. ace c<asseaeememae este a ee eee eee Contributions of the Department of Transportation and Engineering to the Ohio Val- ley Centennial H'xhibition; 18882-. ---.-.2-<f---cese-ss-ee bach omsce: ces aeeeeeree ee cee
The contribution of the section of Oriental Antiquities to the Ohio Valley Centennial Op d dls HOW) Ws see Oooo s HeSere StS coe mSsooconemRqOnoSaSe ESS nccoroneSsecosscosdnoccoocsace Description of exhibit made by the Department of Prehistoric Anthropology in the National Museum at the Ohio Valley Central States Exposition in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1888. Guide to a collection illustrating the families of mammals exhibited in the Ohio Valley Centennial Exhibition in 1888 by the U.S. National Museum
16
*See Museum report 1886, p. 25. + This and the following circulars were erroneously numbered. + See ‘‘ Proceedings,”’ Vol. X, p. 701.
HISTORY OF THE MUSEUM PUBLICATION FUND.
The publication of the Proceedings and the Bulletin was at first paid for from the printing fund of the Interior Department, with which the * Museum was at that time in close relations in respect to financial mat-
ters.
Subsequently it was paid for from a fund for printing the labels
of the Museum, estimates for which were annually submitted by the Secretary of the Interior at the request of the Secretary of the Institu-
tion.
The amount asked for was usually $10,000, but in 1882~83 the
estimate was for $20,000, which sum, however, was not allowed. Although in the book of estimates, the Museum appears as asking a
ee
—
\ REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 61
certain sum for printing, no reference was made in making the appro- priation for the Museum, but the money was given in the gross sum allotted to the Interior Department as a Printing Fund.
In 1888, however, a separate appropriation was made for the first time in these words: “For the National Museum, for printing labels and blanks and for the Bulletins and Annual Volumes of the Proceed- ings of the Museum, $10,000. ”
In 1889 the appropriation for the fiscal year 1890 was made in the same words, but was not included as heretofore in the appropriations for the Department of the Interior.
The edition of the earlier volumes of the Proceedings and Bulletins was usually only 1,000, of which a portion was distributed by the De- partment of the Interior and a portion by the Museum, the number received being sometimes as many as 500, and sometimes as few as 250,* The edition placed at the disposal of the Museum being so small and withal so uncertain as to number, the distribution was always of neces- sity informal, and no effort was made, except in the case of the signa- tures of Proceedings, already referred to, to provide for supplying copies to a regular list of institutions and specialists. A considerable number were used up in the work of the Museum, and the others were sent to correspondents of the Museum in exchange for publications, for specimens, and incidentally to such institutions as might apply for copies, as well as to individuals, especially students who made it evi- dent that they were in a position to make good use of the books.
In some cases, as, for instance, that of the catalogues of the Animal Products and Fisheries Collection at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876 (Bulletin 14); the catalogue of the Exhibit of the Fisheries and Fish Culture of the United States of America at the International Fishery Exhibition at Berlin in 1880 (Bulletin 18), and the catalogue of the col- lection exhibited by the United States at the International Fisheries Exhibition at London in 1883 (Bulletin 27), the entire edition, and indeed an extra large number of copies also, were entirely absorbed in special uses in connection with the exhibition work. In other instances, such as Coues and Prentiss’s “‘ Catalogue of the Birds of the District of Columbia” (Bulletin 26) and Ward’s “Guide to the Flora of Washing- ton and Vicinity” (Bulletin 22) the books were largely distributed to supply a local demand.
It was, in fact, not intended that formal publication of these docu- ments should be made from the advance edition to which I have re- ferred.
Formal publication was undertaken by the Smithsonian Institution, it being the intention that, the first cost of composition and electrotyping having been provided for by the special Congressional appropriation, the Smithsonian Institution should avail itself of the electrotype-plates
* The records show that of Bulletin 32, 250 copies were received; of Bulletin 29, 244; of Bulletin 25, 390; of Bulletins 27 and 30, 450,
s da 62 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
and use them in making up certain volumes of the Miscellaneous Col- lections. The papers published in the “ Proceedings” and “ Bulletin” of the Museum were of precisely the same character which since 1862 had made up the great majority of the most important papers in the Miscellaneous Collections. The Institution then undertook to print an edition of 1,200 copies in the form of volumes of the Miscellaneous Collections, and to distribute them to the principal libraries of the world. This was at the time regarded as advantageous, since the cost of composition and electrotyping was always at least two-thirds of the cost of an edition of 1,200, and in addition to this the miscellaneous distribu- tion, for which the Institution in the case of similar publications printed at its own expense had been accustomed to provide, was now already provided for out of the preliminary issue of several hundred copies paid for from the Museum fund.
The practice was in effect from 1878 to 1883, and five volumes of the Miscellaneous Collections were made up entirely of the “* Proceedings” roa ‘‘ Bulletin” of the Museum, as is shown in the accompanying table.
Miscellaneous collections. Date. | Contents. AILS GUUG aaakane Sat eedeeosarmacosdbes mascece 1878 | Bulletins 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10. Vt bd O62 5 Ce obeceeda see Sono ccsio Se oosepaLeasse 1880 | Proceedings Vols. 1, and 2. \Wiik MONO UE. poacsoenscsossosdabsconssssosasstos 1882 | Proceedings Vols. 3 and 4. Wii P:O:0 D0 Beeeeeseno aaccce aden suencosesHeae 1882 | Bulletins 11, 12, 13, 14. VWiOE ONO DGS a seduaseeadde see o0 os0T So cobdcia Soe 1883 | Bulletin 16.
In this manner the first four volumes of the “ Proceedings” and the first sixteen numbers of the “ Bulletin” were published, constituting in each instance about one-third of the entire series up to the present date.
Since 1883 no publication of the “ Bulletin” has been made, and none has been made in the case of the “Proceedings” since 1882.
There remain unpublished, then, eleven volumes of the “‘ Proceedings” and twenty-one numbers of the “Bulletin,” in all sufficient to make ten thick volumes of the Miscellaneous Collections. Possibly, by con- densation and omissions the number might be reduced to nine volumes.
If the Institution were to undertake to print the edition of 1,000, now customary in the case of the Miscellaneous Collections, the cost would be not less than $9,000.
The same amount expended by the Institution in printing fresh mat- ter would probably not produce one and a half volumes, or at most two volumes, of Miscellaneous Collections.
As a matter of fact, however, the publication of the edition of 1,000 copies by the Smithsonian Institution would not really meet the neces- sities of the case, since it would leave unsupplied a very large number of libraries quite as deserving as those already on the list.
In view of all these facts, it seems not desirable that the Institution should undertake hereafter the publication of the Museum “ Bulletin” and “ Proceedings,” since it is evident that these will increase in bulk
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 63
from year to year, and that the demand upon the Institution would very soon become too burdensome.
The desired result could be attained by obtaining from Congress an increase in the appropriation for the Museum printing. It would then be practicable to publish an edition of 2,000 copies in addition. A volume of Proceedings not exceeding 800 pages could then be printed each year, and an indefinite number of bulletins, not to exceed in the aggregate 1,600 pages, with the necessary illustrations.
It is estimated that an edition of at least 3,000 copies is needed in order to place these publications in the hands of those libraries which ought to receive them.
Two tables are appended, one giving a list by States of the insti- tutions to which it would seem proper that distribution should first be made, and another, giving a schedule of the number required to supply not only the institutions in the United States, but also scientific socie- ties and speciailists at home and abroad.
aa © ih oe e eg | : pce hacen ne pease rn
; aS £¢e 2S 2 | 3 =
B z BA | 8 ip as of
Steet ie a) sont a eee Pea
© 2 os © © e | g 3 =
Se eeea ie eae ts |e es, |i” || St houenl ee
Dn M D Dp DM i) 4 |A a 0, ee Ae a 1 Tae rae hay 4 8 1 17 Lo i a 1 0 0. 0 0. 0 1 0 2 PARC EANSAS co snn elena ow =m J 0) 71} 0 oO 1 9 9 @altornisics= see ss:6022--:| 1 1| (1) 0 1 uN ; 5 29 MEOIGVAM OS: Foc ccansecroaes oe 1 1 2 0 1 Qi tear | 1 8 Connecticut ......... ..... 1 } 2 ] 1 2 3 4 15 North Dakota........-..--. 1 i Pena 0 0 2 2 10) | Cae Sonth Dakotas: ..cc2-0c5-<- 1 1 1 0 ONES Eae eS, ek 0|> MIB WATG Cou o> 2.0 edo ce. ] 1 (1) ike Oillmitencetes| css oes 3 6 INGE) Sopa Se pesnerposes 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 9 6 Georgia.....-------------- 1 1 4 1 0) 6 0 | 8 9] LSU ecocnc eer Eso eeeen 1 eso Kee accel emcactstd Doco tec EE ey See le) peice 1 Dilinols .-..---..--..--..4-- 1 1 | 1 fi 1 27 4 12 48 __ SS eee 1 1 1 1 | 14 5 6 a0 indian Tecritory--..-....... 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Towa ..-.-2---++20-2-0 02+ 1 1 1 1 1 22 ¢ | 7 40 RBS GUS caremdie cect: 1 1 1 La 1 12 2) 5 24. PMO NTUO KY rentals em sinem acin as 1 Z (1) 1 1 | 14 0 3 21 CTE OT De ie arin Bere ase 1 2 (1) | 1 1 | 9 3 2 19 Maine .......-......--.--.. 1 0 1 1 0 | 3 6 2 14 Lite vag ott Be aes ae eee 1 1 1 1 ] 12 2 2 21 Massachusetts...-..-....-. 1 1 1 1 1 | 9 10 11 35 LU Re eee ee 1 1 1 1 0 | 9 2 10 25 IMUNNGBOLD ..~ 2... ave cece nan 1 : 1 1 1 1 | 6 3 2 16 MMAR SIMRO DL sat ce oi van - 1 1 9 1 0 5 4 17 ICG UE ee a 1 1 2 1 l i6 6 9 7 Li SS Eos ee eon 1 ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 RNODTARES oe 4025 .k- 5050-02 1 Hii.) 1 ol 6 2 3 4
64 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1889.
| Sod 2 | 2 ae | € | 38 hae ae 3 S os "= PIS Sean ae tule ie 8 oi Be = 2 a Panett dl ip ates o a = Ee eee Ne aca sae = le a eS alee Nea AE 2 eal ei ES sa 1 1 (1) 0 0. 1 1 3 7 New Hampshire -..-....-.-. i 1 (i) 1 0) 0 2) 3 | 8 New Jersey ......----.--- 1 | i J 1 0| 3 | 4 | Tate aeeds New Mexico........--..--- 1 1 0 1 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 5 Nowa Wioubeessaseece-s- cere 1 0 2 1 1 | 22 | 13 24 | 64 North Carolina ......-.--.. 1 1 1| 0. 0 | 8 | 4 | 5 20 Onigg te eel APU ls 1 | 1 (1). 1 0, egakl ett tton| tena 61 Ores oni ete See ete i | 1 1 | 1 0 | 6 | 3 | 1 14 Pennsylvania....-.2....-- 1 1 1 1 | 1| 25 | 14 | 18 62 iuhodewMsland sass eenee 1 1 1 1 | 0 | 0 1 3 8 South Carolina ..........-. 1 | 1 ale 1 | 0) q | 4 | 5 20 MICNNESSCO ac een eemecrecicie oes 1 | 1 (1) st] 0 | 18 5 | GY 31 SPoragees Oe eee oo 1 | 1 (1) 0 | 0 | 7 | ne | 7 20 LAH eeren ee sss ece ce ee =. 1 | 1 0 0 0 0 0) 0 2 \Vi@on\n th ioe casSeecoecesupae 1 | ] (1) 1 0. ah 3 2 9 avincimiae so 06. once ec 1 | 1 3 | 1 0 7 | 2 3 18 Washinetom:.+-..<.scce <r 1 | 1 0 ies 1 | 0 | 2 0 0 5 Wiestivarpinia s.sesse ene 1 | 1 (1) | 1 0 | 2 | 6 2 | 13 Wisconsin ...........-..-..| 1| 1 (1) | 1 1| 8 7 Ajo aes SWayominece bess Sage csc. 3 1 | 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 | 3 Ro talie eeee 48 ey 36|33| a7| ~~ 345| + 57| 207| 891 List by institutions and scientific societies. State;and territorial libraries. 2: ss-2---2o2-6 -2- == eo eee eee eee 48 Stateimmiversities’. coco... cese. selon toc ee eee ese Ee See ee eee eee 42 Agricultural and mechanical college and agricultural experimental stations not otherwise supplied .......- Sheet ec seeecle i ne he Su sei ae ee eee eee eee 36 State dustoricallsocieties 2-4 4-(-58 295 eeaseene hse